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This document discusses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology. It begins by listing some key advantages of OFDM including its effectiveness in combating inter-symbol interference, lower complexity compared to other techniques, and use of digital transmitters and receivers. It then provides more details on OFDM including that it is a multicarrier modulation technique different from FDM and WDM. It describes the basic system description of an OFDM system including the use of IFFT at the transmitter and FFT at the receiver. It discusses the purpose and need for a cyclic prefix in OFDM systems. It also covers different types of OFDM for optical communications and lists some disadvantages of OFDM such as high peak-to-average power
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This document discusses different types of avalanche transit time devices (ATTDs) used to generate microwaves, including IMPATT diodes and TRAPATT diodes. It provides details on:
1) The basics of how ATTDs like IMPATT and TRAPATT diodes utilize the avalanche breakdown effect across a reverse-biased p-n junction to produce carriers and negative resistance at microwave frequencies.
2) The different modes of ATTD oscillators, including the IMPATT mode where typical efficiency is 5-10% and frequencies can reach 100 GHz, and the TRAPATT mode with higher typical efficiency of 20-60%.
3) The physical structures and operating principles of IMPATT diodes
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Fiber optics and how optical communication takes place.Details regarding how signalling,routing and switching occurs in optical network .A little detail about various equipments used in optical communication.
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DiCon Fiberoptics manufactures fiber optic switches using three technologies - MEMS, prism, and stepper motor. MEMS switches offer the best value and durability, with a lifetime of over 1 billion cycles, making them suitable for applications requiring frequent switching like network monitoring. Prism switches can latch signals, useful for network protection. Stepper motor switches handle large core fibers for biomedical use. DiCon provides a wide range of standard and customized switches for optical signal switching, network protection/restoration, monitoring, video distribution and more.
Chapter 3b
This document defines electro-optic effects and describes how an external electric field can induce changes in the refractive index of a material, modulating its optical properties. It discusses the Pockels effect specifically, where a linear change in refractive index occurs due to an applied electric field. This effect can be used to build integrated optical modulators and switches, such as a transverse Pockels cell that inserts a phase difference between orthogonal field components, acting as a polarization modulator. The phase difference can be converted to an intensity variation using an interferometer such as a Mach-Zehnder configuration.
1x2 Digital Optoelectronic Switch using MZI structure and studying the Effect...
The electro optic switch has wide application in optical network due to capability of route the light path from one port to the desired port. In this paper, we propose a 1x2 digital optoelectronics switch based on mach-zehnder interferometer structure on a single titanium diffuse lithium niobate substrate. The design is simulate on BPM-cad simulator for switch analysis and study the effect of bipolar voltage 0v to ± 5.75v applied at 1st and center electrode region for switching. A short study of wavelength dependent switch for first optical window 8.5 µm and third optical window 1.55 µm has been simulated without use of voltage with changing titanium stripe thickness to 0.07µm.
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Optical Switching Comprehensive Article
This document outlines an optics switching technology course, including:
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- The schedule lists 13 lectures and 7 exercises over 14 weeks, covering topics such as switch fabrics, PDH, ATM, and optical networks.
- Readings are provided to supplement the lecture materials, and requirements include exercises, a grading system, and a final examination.
optical switch
This document provides an overview of optical switching technologies. It discusses how optical switching can help address limitations of electronic switching as network capacities increase. The document outlines three main approaches to gradually migrating switching functions from electronics to optics: optical packet switching, generalized multiprotocol label switching, and optical burst switching. It also discusses applications of optical switches such as cross-connects and protection switching.
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This summarizes a document reviewing an integrated device for combined optical neuromodulation and electrical recording for chronic in-vivo applications. The device consists of an optical fiber integrated with a microelectrode array (MEA), called an optrode-MEA, that allows for simultaneous optical stimulation and electrophysiological recording. The summary is:
[1] The optrode-MEA was developed to allow for optical stimulation at one cortical site while recording neural activity from surrounding neurons to study local circuit dynamics. [2] Experiments in freely moving rats demonstrated the device could successfully record neural signals over months, mapping spatially and temporally resolved neuronal responses. [3] Analysis of recorded signals under different stimulation conditions proved the
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This document discusses optical fiber detectors. It describes the basic types of optical fiber detectors including PN photodiodes, PIN photodiodes, and avalanche photodiodes. It explains how each detector works by absorbing photons and generating electron-hole pairs that produce a photocurrent. The document also discusses parameters that characterize detector performance such as responsivity, quantum efficiency, and detectivity. Finally, it outlines different types of fiber sensors including intrinsic sensors like microbend and flow sensors, and extrinsic sensors for applications like level detection, pressure sensing, temperature measurement, and velocity measurement.
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Losses in optical fibers include attenuation from absorption and scattering, as well as dispersion effects. Attenuation is caused by absorption of light energy through heating of impurities in the fiber, resulting in a loss of optical power over length. Dispersion causes pulse broadening and occurs from intermodal and intramodal effects such as material and waveguide dispersion. An optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) can be used to detect faults, splices, and bends in fibers by emitting light pulses and measuring backscattered light over time to map reflections in the fiber.
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Similar to Ofdm for optical communications co ofdm
ISM-OFDM and FBMC for communication envi
SIM-OFDM and FBMC are techniques that address issues with classical OFDM. SIM-OFDM has problems with bit error propagation and using a threshold for detection. ESIM-OFDM limits errors within carrier pairs by knowing the number of active carriers. FBMC uses localized pulse shaping instead of a cyclic prefix to combat multipath interference, allowing closer subcarrier spacing. It has better spectral containment than OFDM due to pulse shapes like RC, IOTA, and PHYDYAS that decay more quickly than OFDM's rectangular pulse.
OFDM based baseband Receiver
This project deals with investigations on development of OFDM based baseband receiver for wireless application. After carrying out initial studies on OFDM based transmitter and receiver, taking into account industrial requirements, an OFDM based baseband receiver has been configured. The block schematic of such a receiver comprises of RF module, ADC fallowed by Digital Down Converter together with the cyclic prefix remover block, serial to parallel converter, FFT module, parallel to serial converter and pilot extractor, the subsequence output is subjected to channel equalization and symbol demapping resulting in the output data that can be processed appropriately.
OFDM for LTE
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM uses a large number of narrow sub-carriers for multi-carrier transmission to overcome the effect of multi path fading problem. LTE uses OFDM for the downlink, from base station to terminal to transmit the data over many narrow band careers of 180 KHz each instead of spreading one signal over the complete 5MHz career bandwidth. OFDM meets the LTE requirement for spectrum flexibility and enables cost-efficient solutions for very wide carriers with high peak rates.
The primary advantage of OFDM over single-carrier schemes is its ability to cope with severe channel conditions. Channel equalization is simplified. The low symbol rate makes the use of a guard interval between symbols affordable, making it possible to eliminate inter symbol interference (ISI).
Ofdm tutorial fuyun_ling_rev1
This document provides an overview of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication technology. It introduces OFDM fundamentals such as signal spectrum, system design considerations including cyclic prefix usage and signal parameters. Key receiver functional blocks like channel estimation and its impact on performance are discussed. The document outlines OFDM transmitter operation and issues like carrier frequency error and sampling frequency error on system performance.
XFP Transceiver Module
XFP modules are hot-swappable transceivers that operate at near-infrared wavelengths and support various network protocols including 10 Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel. They include diagnostic monitoring and are compatible with major network equipment vendors. The document then provides details on different types of XFP modules including dual port, single port BIDI, CWDM, and DWDM variants along with their technical specifications and applications.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
The document describes a satellite communication system using SC-WFMT modulation.
SC-WFMT combines SC-FDMA and wavelet modulation techniques. It offers advantages over traditional QPSK modulation used in satellite communications, including programmable spectrum and compensation for distortions. SC-WFMT provides multipath immunity like OFDM with lower peak-to-average power ratio. It can support mobile satellite communication in urban areas with significant multipath delay spreads. The system uses novel wavelet-based modulation at the transmitter and equalization at the receiver to mitigate distortions from the satellite transponder and multipath propagation.
OFDM.ppt
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a digital multi-carrier transmission technique that distributes data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies to prevent interference. It works by splitting the bandwidth into multiple smaller sub-carriers. Types of OFDM include C-OFDM, MIMO-OFDM, V-OFDM, W-OFDM, and Flash-OFDM. OFDM has advantages over other multiplexing techniques like WDM and TDM, including higher bandwidth efficiency and flexibility. Applications of OFDM include digital audio/video broadcasting, ADSL, wireless networking, and power-line technology.
MIMO-OFDM for 4G network
It is fully based on MIMO-OFDM technique for 4G netork to find out the BER & Capacity in wireless communication system.
Ofdm1
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. It distributes data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart to prevent interference. There are different types of OFDM including COFDM, MIMO-OFDM, V-OFDM, W-OFDM, and Flash-OFDM. OFDM has applications in digital audio/video broadcasting, ADSL, wireless networking, and power-line technology. It offers benefits over other multiplexing techniques like WDM and TDM such as higher bandwidth efficiency and flexibility.
Vlsi implementation ofdm
This document discusses VLSI implementation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). It provides background on OFDM, explaining that it consists of multiple closely spaced carriers that can achieve high data transmission rates with wide bandwidths. The document outlines the key components of an OFDM transceiver including scrambling, interleaving, constellation mapping, IFFT/FFT processing, and parallel-to-serial conversion. It describes the hardware implementation of these components and advantages of OFDM such as robustness to interference and insensitivity to timing errors.
1G SFP Optical Transceivers Data Sheet By JTOPTICS
JTOPTICS® 1Gb/s transceiver module is designed to support link lengths of up to 20km over LC duplex Single-Mode Fiber (SMF). With its low power consumption and hot-swappable capability, this 1G SFP transceiver is well-suited for various applications, including Gigabit Ethernet communication links for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Enterprise LAN & SAN Networks, Data Center LAN & SAN Networks, and other optical links. Boasting low power consumption and high speed, this 10G SFP+ transceiver is particularly suitable for applications such as data centers, enterprise wiring closets, service provider transport, Radio & Baseband Unit, and more.
JTOPTICS® 1000BASE-SR-500m-SFPP optical transceiver, identified as 1G SFP SR (JT-1G-SFP-DD-SR), is an SFP transceiver designed to support link lengths of up to 500m over OM4 MMF (300m over OM3 MMF) using an LC duplex connector. This SFP transceiver is equipped with a digital diagnostics monitoring feature accessible through a 2-wire serial interface, following the specifications outlined in SFF-8472. Each SFP transceiver module undergoes individual testing to ensure compatibility with a range of Cisco switches, routers, servers, network interface cards (NICs), and similar devices.
The 1GBASE BD LR 20Km SFP optical transceiver, also known as the 1G SFP BD LR (JT 1G SFP BD LR), is a bidirectional SFP transceiver designed primarily for linking high-speed hubs, Ethernet switches, and routers across various wiring closets or buildings, especially for extended cabling runs. This transceiver is developed to facilitate longer distances on fiber backbones. The BIDI (Bidirectional) Transceiver utilizes a single fiber for both transmitting and receiving optical signals. Its applications include routers, media converters, and switched backplane scenarios.
The SFPP 10GBASE LR SFP+ transceiver facilitates link lengths of up to 10km over LC duplex single-mode fiber. It incorporates digital diagnostics monitoring accessible through a 2-wire serial interface as per SFF 8472 standards. Every SFP+ transceiver module undergoes individual testing for compatibility with various Cisco switches, routers, servers, network interface cards (NICs), and more. With attributes such as low power consumption and high speed, this 10G SFP+ transceiver is well-suited for applications in data centers, enterprise wiring closets, service provider transport, Radio & Baseband Units, and similar environments.
Features of 1G SFP Optical Transceivers
1. Dual data rate operation at 1.25Gbps/1.063Gbps.
2. Utilizes a 1310nm FP laser and PIN photo detector for a 20km reach.
3. Compliance with SFP MSA and SFF 8472, featuring a duplex LC receptacle.
4. Meets RoHS compliance standards.
5. Designed for a 20km reach with 9/125 µm single-mode fiber (SMF).
6. Hot-pluggable with an SFP footprint.
7. Equipped with a duplex LC connector interface.
8. Operates on a single 3.3V power supply.
9. Adheres to Class 1 FDA and IEC60825-1 laser safety standards.
Contract briefing opti qmax 4388 presentation
The OptiQmax 4388 is a fiber optic multiplexer that carries E1, T1, Ethernet and V.35 signals over single mode fiber. It has hot-swappable modules, 1+1 optical protection switching, and provides transmission up to 100km. It also monitors performance parameters and provides alarms.
A Comprehensive Understanding of SFP Optical Transceiver
SFP optical transceiver is still being used as an industry standard by worldwide manufacturers and providers today. It has been an industry workhorse for over 20 years in many networks such as PON, WDM, Fibre Channel, SONET, and other communications standards. This paper will give you a comprehensive understanding of SFP optical transceivers.
Gpon Fundamentals
The document discusses key concepts and technologies of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks), including:
1) The basic architecture of PON networks consisting of an OLT, ONUs, and a passive optical splitter.
2) Reasons for adopting the GPON standard such as supporting high-bandwidth transmission and long reach.
3) Key GPON technologies including ranging, equalization delay, dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for upstream/downstream transmission.
Gpon Fundamentals
This document provides an overview of GPON (Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks) technology. It describes the basic concepts and architecture of PON networks, including how they use passive splitters and wavelength division multiplexing. GPON is introduced as the choice for carriers due to its ability to support high-bandwidth, long-reach transmission over fiber for triple-play services. The document then covers GPON principles such as downstream broadcast and upstream TDMA transmission, as well as standards, performance parameters, and network protection modes.
PHYSICAL LAYER for DIGITAL TELEVISION ATSC 3.0 STANDARD based on SC – FDMA .
Described a proposition for Physical Layer of Next generation broadcast television (NGBT) and ATSC 3.0 Television standard. The Proposed system is back compatible with existing ATSC standards A/53, A/153 and based on improved version of SC-FDMA modulation.
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDM allows tightly packed carriers to convey information orthogonally and with high bandwidth efficiency
Objectives Description:
Concepts
Basic idea
Introduction to OFDM
Implementation
Advantages and Drawbacks.
FDMA
10G SFPP Optical Transceivers Data Sheet By JTOPTICS
JTOPTICS® presents the 10GBASE SR 300m SFPP optical transceiver, denoted as the 10G SFPP SR (JT 10G SFPP DD SR) SFP+ transceiver. This SFP+ module supports link lengths of up to 400m over OM4 MMF (300m over OM3 MMF) through an LC duplex connector. The transceiver offers digital diagnostics monitoring via a 2-wire serial interface, following the specifications outlined in SFF 8472. Each SFP+ transceiver module undergoes individual testing to ensure compatibility with Cisco switches, routers, servers, network interface cards (NICs), and similar devices.
Key Features:
Full duplex transceiver module for efficient bidirectional communication.
Utilizes a hot-pluggable SFP+ form factor for convenient installation.
Compliant with the SFP+ MSA standard, ensuring interoperability.
Incorporates a VCSEL transmitter and PIN receiver for reliable data transmission.
Supports a data rate of up to 11.3Gbps for high-speed performance.
Compliance with CPRI specifications for specific telecommunication applications.
Maximum link length of 300m, offering flexibility in connectivity.
Low power dissipation for energy-efficient operation.
Operating case temperature range suitable for both commercial and industrial environments.
Operates on a single 3.3V power supply.
RoHS 6 compliant, ensuring adherence to environmental standards by being lead-free.
Frequency Domain Equalization(FDE) OFDM system
This document discusses using frequency domain equalization (FDE) instead of cyclic prefixes in OFDM systems to improve transmission efficiency. It provides background on OFDM, how cyclic prefixes mitigate multipath interference, and the disadvantages of cyclic prefixes reducing efficiency. The study aims to apply FDE to address this issue. FDE could provide diversity benefits over cyclic prefixes but also introduces new challenges like inter-symbol interference that require further evaluation through computer simulation.
Peak to Average Ratio PAPR Reduction Technique in OFDM MIMO System A Review
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM is an new method for fourth generation wireless communication. MIMO OFDM has become a promising candidate for high performance 4G and 5G broadband wireless communications. However, one main of MIMO OFDM is the high peak to average power ratio PAPR of the transmitter’s output signal on different antennas. In this paper, we present a new noble SLM PAPR reduction techniques such as selective mapping technique and Partial transmit sequence techniques and shows which of these PAPR reduction techniques are more effective to reduce PAPR in OFDM MIMO. Er. Sukhjinder Singh | Dr. Hitanshu Kumar | Dr. Arashdeep Singh "Peak to Average Ratio (PAPR) Reduction Technique in OFDM-MIMO System- A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49719.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/49719/peak-to-average-ratio-papr-reduction-technique-in-ofdmmimo-system-a-review/er-sukhjinder-singh
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1G SFP Optical Transceivers Data Sheet By JTOPTICS
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Ofdm for optical communications co ofdm
- 2. ADVANTAGES effective solution to inter symbol interference. Less complexity. Digital transmitter and receivers 2
- 3. OFDM TECHNOLOGY Multicarrier modulation technique. Different from fdm / wdm. 3
- 5. OFDM SYSTEMDESCRIPTION IFFT OFDM baseband signal can be implemented by IDFT 5
- 7. Cyclic Prefix for OFDM For an OFDM symbol 7
- 8. NEED OF CP??? CP eliminates ISI,ICI, Let the received signal at time t be CP will eliminate ISI if receiver FFT window is aligned with the start of the main symbol period of the first arriving signal. delay spread does not exceed the CP 8
- 11. OFDM for Optical Communications classified into two main categories: Coherent detection (DD-OOFDM) Direct detection (CO-OFDM) Each are different according to their underlying techniques future of optical communication is the coherent detection . 11
- 12. CO-OFDM 12
- 13. basic functional blocks RF OFDM signal transmitter, RF to optical(RTO) up-converter, Fiber links, the optical to RF (OTR) down-converter, RF OFDM receiver 13
- 14. DISADVANTAGES OF OFDM High Peak-to-Average Power Ratio. Sensitivity to Frequency Offset, Phase Noise Difficulty and Cost of OFDM Implementation 14
- 15. CONCLUSION Typical OFDM transmitter and receiver described and the roles of main signal processing blocks explained. Advantages and disadvantages of ofdm were discussed. 15
- 17. THANK YOU!!! 17