This document discusses multiplexing and multiple access techniques used in communication networks. It describes multiplexing as transmitting multiple signals over a single medium, such as frequency division multiplexing (FDM) and time division multiplexing (TDM). Multiple access allows several stations to transmit simultaneously into the same network using techniques like frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and code division multiple access (CDMA). FDMA divides the available bandwidth into frequency slots, TDMA divides transmission time into time slots, and CDMA assigns unique codes to signals.

1. ‘Multiplexing and Multiple
Access Techniques’
Divya Shukla
A2315315010

2. OUTLINE
 Multiplexing
 Multiple access
 Various Multiple Access Techniques.
• TDMA
• FDMA
 Types of TDMA & FDMA

3. Multiplexing
• The technique of transmitting multiple signals
over a single medium.
fig-Multiplexing

4. Objective
• Better utilization of channel capacity.
• Cost effective.
Application
• Video processing
• Digital broadcasting
• Telephone network

5. Multiplexing Techniques
2 TECHNIQUES-
• FDM -(ANALOG)- Shares the frequency.
• TDM -(DIGITAL)- Shares the time slots.

6. Multiple Access
Multiple Access is the ability for several earth
stations to transmit their respective carriers
simultaneously into the same satellite
transponder

7. Need to optimize
• Interconnectivity.
• Spectrum utilization.
• Adaptability to network growth.
• Handling of different types of traffic.
• Economic.

8. MA Techniques
3 Techniques-
– Unique frequency slot FDMA
– Unique time slot TDMA
– Unique code CDMA

9. FDMA
• Share the frequency
– Time is common to all signals

10. • FDMA may be –
1. Fixed-Assigned Multiple Access (FAMA).
1. Demand-Assigned Multiple Access (DAMA).

11. Fixed-Assigned(FAMA)
Description-
• Channels permanently assigned to terminals
• Also known pre-assigned MA
Advantages-
• Simple to implement
• Channel use is contention-free
Disadvantages-
• Not available for general use.

12. Demand Assignment(DAMA)
Description-
• Terminals dynamically request capacity from a
scheduler, which assigns channels based on these
requests.
Advantages-
• Stability guaranteed.
• Utility can be maximized.
• Technique is fair to all terminals
Disadvantages-
• More costly and complicated to implement.
• Experiences high delay for low loads (due to the need
to wait for requests to be orderd)

13. TDMA
• Share the time
– Frequency is common to all signals

14. TDMA can be of two ways :
1) Fixed Assignment TDMA
In Fixed Assignment TDMA frame is divided
into time slots of fixed duration.

15. 2) Demand Assignment TDMA
In Demand Assignment TDMA, the transmission
time are demand based.

16. Conclusion
• We have limited bandwidth and infinite
number of users, hence multiple accessing
technique is very essential.FDMA, TDMA
these are the widely used multiple accessing
techniques in communication.
• Hence, by using these techniques satellite
channel is best utilized and allows to widely
cover geographical area.

17. THANK YOU
For Your Patience Listening..!