Acetone is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid that is the simplest ketone. It is widely used as an industrial chemical and solvent. Major methods for producing acetone include the cumene process, oxidation of isopropyl alcohol, and fermentation. Acetone has many applications including use in adhesives, coatings, personal care products, and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Worldwide consumption of acetone is several million tons per year.

1. Acetone
Prepared by-
Arpit Modh (16BCH035)
Mihir Modi (16BCH036)
Nikunj Patel (16BCH037)
Nisarg Sonani (16BCH038)
Maulik Rabadiya (17BCH159)

2. Overview
• Introduction
History
About the compound
Structure
Properties
MSDS
• Preparation
• Major Producers
• Production and Consumption
• Statistics

3. History
• First produced by alchemists during the late Middle Ages via the dry
distillation of metal acetates.
• In 1832, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas and German
chemist Justus von Liebig determined the empirical formula for
acetone.
• In 1865, the German chemist August Kekulé published the modern
structural formula for acetone.
• During World War I, Chaim Weizmann developed the process for
industrial production of acetone (Weizmann Process).

4. About the compound
• Acetone (IUPAC name Propan-2-One)
is the organic compound with the
formula (CH3)2CO. It is the Simplest
Ketone.
• Acetone serves as an important solvent
in the lab as well as in the industry.
• It also serves as a cleaning agent as it is
able to dissolve almost all the
compounds.

5. Common names
• Dimethyl ketone
• Dimethyl carbonyl
• β-Ketopropane
• Propanone
• 2-Propanone
• Dimethyl formaldehyde
• Pyroacetic spirit
• Ketone propane

6. Structure
• The Acetone contains 6 C-H σ bonds,
2 C-C σ bonds, 1 C-O σ bond and one
C-O π bond.
• There are two loan pairs of electrons
of the oxygen atom.
(Bond length, Bond angle and the 3-D
molecular structure is shown in the
figure.)

7. Properties

8. Solubility of acetone in
different organic solvents

9. MSDS of Acetone

10. Storage and Handling
• Must be stored in a cool, dry, and well-
ventilated chemical storage building.
• Storage building must be located in an area
where fire hazards are low.
• The handling and storage of Acetone is
very important and must take caution.
• Acetone vapours can be ignited by flames
or sparks, therefore a well-ventilated
chemical storage building must be utilized.

11. Largest Manufacturers
• In India
1. A. B. Enterprises, Mumbai
2. PC Chemtech, Rajkot
3. Adarsh Chemicals, Chennai
4. Arihant Chemical, Vapi
• Worldwide
1. INEOS Phenol, UK
2. Wuhan Creative Chemicals Co., Ltd. China
3. PJSC Kazanorgsintez, Russia

12. Preparation
• Acetone is produced using different methods:-
1. Cumene Process
2. From Alkane Nitriles
3. Hydrolysis of Gem-Dihalides
4. Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol
5. Ozonolysis of Alkenes
6. Fermentation process

13. 1. Cumene Process
(Hock Process)
Oxidation of cumene (Isopropyl Benzene) leads to the production of
both Phenol and Acetone. Major Industrial Process
CH3
CH3 O
CH3 CH2
CH3 CH3
Air [O2]
H3PO4 /
HCl
H2O
OH
O
O
CH3 CH3
+
Acetone
Phenol
Benzene Cumene Cumene
Hydrogen
Peroxide

14. 2. From Alkane Nitriles
• Reaction of Grignard reagent with alkane nitriles followed by
hydrolysis results in formation of ketones.
• Acetonitrile and Methyl magnesium bromide reacted, followed by
hydrolysis.
• At the end of hydrolysis we get acetone.
CH3 NH
CH3MgBr
Ether
N Br
Mg
4-
CH3 CH3
H2O
O
CH3 CH3
Acetonitrile Acetone

15. 3. Hydrolysis of Gem-Dihalides
• Ketones are produced by alkaline hydrolysis of those gem-dihalides in
which the two halogen atoms are attached to a non-terminal carbon
atom.
• Hence, Alkaline hydrolysis of 2,2-Dichloropropane will produce
Acetone.
This reaction will follow the following mechanism:
Step 1: Alkaline hydrolysis with gem-dihalide produces mono helo
hydroxy compound.
Step 2: Again nucleophilic substitution from mono halo hydroxy
compound.
Step 3: Elimination of water molecule for the formation of acetone.

16. Cl
Cl
CH3 CH3
OH-
OH
Cl
CH3 CH3
OH-
OH
OH
CH3 CH3
-H2O
O
-
CH3
C
+
CH3
O
CH3 CH3
2,2 - Dichloropropane
Acetone
Propane- 2,2-diol2 Chloro Propane-2-ol

17. 4. Oxidation of Isopropyl Alcohol
• Ketones can be prepared by controlled oxidation of secondary alcohol
using an acidified solution of Potassium Dichromate.
• Acetone can be produced from the oxidation of 2-Propanol.
CH3
OHCH3 CH3
CH3
O
K2Cr2O7
H+
Isopropyle Alcohol
(A Secondary Alcohol)
Acetone
(A Keton)

18. 5. Ozonolysis of Alkenes
• Ozone is passed through an alkene in an inert solvent and it form an
Ozonide. Ozonide are explosives compounds.
• Then warming with zinc and water, it will form aldehydes, ketones or
an aldehyde and ketone, depending upon structure of alkene.
• So, 2-Methyl-2-butene followed by ozonolysis reaction produces
acetone and acetaldehyde.
CH3CH3
CH3
+ O3
CH3
O
CH3
CH3
O
O
Ozonide
H2O / Zn
O
CH3
CH3
+
O
CH3
Acetone Acetaldehyde2 Mythyl But-2-ene

19. 6. Fermentation process
(Weizmann Process)
• The process may be likened to how yeast ferments sugars to produce
ethanol for wine, beer or fuel, but the organisms that carry out the
ABE fermentation are strictly anaerobic(obligate anaerobes).
• The ABE fermentation produces solvents in a ratio of 3 parts acetone,
6 parts butanol to 1 part ethanol. It usually uses a strain of bacteria
from the Class Clostridia (Family Clostridiaceae).
• Clostridium acetobutylicum is the most well-studied and widely used
species, although Clostridium beijerinckii has also been used with
good results.

20. Chemical Reactions
• Acetone (propanone) is oxidized to acetaldehyde (ethanal), carbon
dioxide and water in the presence of Cu Catalyst.
2CH3COCH3 + 3O2 2CH3CHO + 2CO2 +2H2O
• Actone is reduced to 2-Propanol by the reaction with NaBH4 as a
reducing agent.
Cu
CH3
CH3
O
NaBH4
CH3CH2OH
CH3
CH3
OH
Acetone 2 Propanol

21. • Acetone entails its condensation with phenol to give bisphenol A:
(CH3)2CO + 2 C6H5OH (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 + H2O
Bisphenol-A is a component of many polymers such as polycarbonates,
polyurethanes and epoxy resins.
• About half of the world's production of acetone is consumed as a
precursor to methyl methacrylate.
Step-1: Conversion of acetone to its cyanohydrin
(CH3)2CO + HCN → (CH3)2C(OH)CN
Step-2: Nitrile is hydrolyzed to the unsaturated amide, which is esterified
(CH3)2C(OH)CN + CH3OH → CH2=(CH3)CCO2CH3 + NH3

22. • Reaction between hydrogen peroxide and acetone in an acid-catalyzed
nucleophilic addition produces acetone peroxide (most commonly used
to refer to the cyclic trimer triacetone )
• Acetone peroxide is an explosive material. It is the same explosive
material which was used in the Brussels Airport attack.
O
CH3 CH3
3 + 3 H2O2
- 3 H2O
H
+
CH3CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
O
O
OO
O
O
CH3
Acetone Hydrogene
Peroxyde Cyclic Trimer Triacetone

23. Industrial Applications
• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Agricultural chemicals (non - pesticide)
• Intermediates
• Ion exchange agents
• Laboratory chemicals
• Processing aids, not otherwise listed
• Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
• Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing)
• Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
• Viscosity adjustors

24. Applications In day to day life
• Adhesives and Sealants
• Fabric, Textile, and Leather Products not covered elsewhere
• Paints and Coatings
• Personal Care Products
• Plastic and Rubber Products not covered elsewhere
• Toys, Playground, and Sporting Equipment

25. Worldwide consumption

26. References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetone
• http://www.indianindustry.com/solvents/acetone-manufacturers.html
• http://indianpetrochem.com/report/acetonereport
• www.quora.com
• https://www.uschemicalstorage.com/news/acetone-storage-
requirements/
• http://www.chemspider.com/

27. Thank You!!