This file is summary of toluene , introduction , uses and its properties

1. Toluene
Prepared by:
Ameen Ahmed AL-Hammadi
Hassan Abdullah Bajeham
Supervisor:
Dr. Muneer Ba-Abbad

2. Introduction
• is an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, water
insoluble liquid.
• Toluene is a colorless, flammable, non-corrosive liquid
with a benzene-like odor. It is insoluble in water and
soluble in acetone, absolute alcohol, ether, chloroform,
benzene, petroleum ether, glacial acetic acid, and
carbon disulfide
• Systematic IUPAC name: Methyl benzene
• Other names: Phenyl methane

3. Properties of Toluene
• Toluene is a clear colorless liquid that has a distinctive,
sweet smell
• It has a pungent, benzene-like odor
• It is flammable and produces poisonous gas in a
fire
• It is slightly soluble
• It is less dense than water.
• It evaporates quickly.
• Hydrocarbon CH3C6H5 .

4. Properties of Toluene
Molecular Weight 92.13
Boiling Point 110.7 oC
Melting Point -95 oC
Flash Point 40 oF (closed cup)
Vapor Density 3.2 (air = 1)
Vapor Pressure 36.7 mm Hg at 30 oC
Density/Specific Gravity 0.866 at 20/4 oC (water = 1)
Log Octanol/Water Partition
Coefficient
2.69
Conversion Factor 1 ppm = 3.77 mg/m3

5. Sources
• The primary stationary sources that have reported
emissions of toluene in California are crude petroleum
and natural gas extraction, petroleum refining, and
household furniture manufacturing facilities
• Toluene has also been detected but not quantified in
motor vehicle exhaust by the Air Resources Board
• Industries using toluene

6. Uses
• Toluene is mainly used as a precursor to benzene
via hydrodealkylation:
C6H5CH3 + H2 → C6H6 + CH4
• Added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
• Solvent in paints, coatings, synthetic fragrances,
adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents
• Used in the production of polymers used to make nylon,
plastic soda bottles, and polyurethanes and for
pharmaceuticals, dyes, cosmetic nail products, and the
synthesis of organic chemicals.
• manufacture of trinitrotoluene (TNT). Lower grades are
known as technical grade toluene, crude toluene,
aviation grade toluene,

7. Process Flow Diagram

8. Process Flow Diagram

9. Process Flow Diagram