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Chlor Alkali Industrial Process
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- 2. Quick Brief Chemical Industry ✘A complex of processes, operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives. Chemical Process ✘ A method intended to be used in manufacturing to change the composition of chemicals or materials.
- 3. Chlor-alkali Process Definition The chlor-alkali processis an industrial process for the electrolysis of NaCl. Etymology The term chlor-alkali refers to the two chemicals (chlorine and an alkali) which are produced as a result of the process Raw Materials Brine ( Saturated Solution of Water and Salt NaCl ) Base Reaction 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
- 4. History The beginning waswith the reaction of HCl with MnO2 to produce Cl2 and NaOH. The procedure was inefficient, and its commercial application was short-lived. A process introduced about 1868 was based on the reaction of atmospheric oxygen with HCl, which was available as a by-product of the Leblanc process for making NaCO3. When the Leblanc process became obsolete, the process fell into disuse.
- 5. History The first patentfor electrolyzing brine was granted in England in 1851 to Charles Watt ✘ The products mixed and reacted together. In 1892 Hamilton Castner solved the mixing problem with the invention of the mercury cell
- 6. History In 1895, TheCastner-Kellner Alkali Company was found, which built plants employing the process throughout Europe. The mercury cell process continues in use to this day.
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- 10. Huntington WTW Electrochlorination Plant
- 11. Membrane 60% Mercury 23% Diaphragm 14% Joint Process 3% PRODUCTION METHODSUSED IN EUROPE AS OF 2014 Membrane Mercury Diapragm Joint Process
- 12. Uses of Chlorine •Manufacture of Polymers • Pesticides • Antiseptic Agent • Hydrochloric Acid
- 13. Uses of Hydrogen •Reducing Agent in Metallurgy • Weather Balloons • Fuel
- 14. Uses of SodiumHydroxide • Soap • Chemical Reagent • Paper Industry • Water Treatment
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- 16. References 1. https://goo.gl/be5l7w 2. https://goo.gl/HMKLxI 3.https://goo.gl/0hrmkU 4. https://goo.gl/ddPqns 5. https://goo.gl/WW6jnK 6. https://goo.gl/JVLjpo
- 17. Credits Special thanks toall the people who made and released these awesome resources for free: ✘ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival ✘ Presentation by: Mahmoud Ashraf hassouna97.ma@gmail.com
Editor's Notes
- #3 e.g. Oxidation, Distillation and Electrolysis
- #9 The most common chlor-alkali process involves the electrolysis of brine in a membrane cell. Saturated brine is passed into the first chamber of the cell where the chloride ions are oxidized at the anode to become chlorine gas At the cathode, positive hydrogen ions pulled from water molecules are reduced to hydrogen gas, releasing hydroxide ions into the solution The ion-permeable membrane allows the sodium ions to pass to the second chamber where they react with the hydroxide ions to produce (NaOH) .
- #10 In the diaphragm cell process, the anode area is separated from the cathode area by a permeable diaphragm. The brine is introduced into the anode compartment and flows through the diaphragm into the cathode compartment. Diluted caustic brine leaves the cell. The caustic soda can also be concentrated to 50% and the salt removed. This is often by using an evaporative process with about three tons of steam per ton of caustic soda. The salt separated from the caustic brine can be used to saturate diluted brine. The chlorine contains oxygen and must often be purified by liquefaction and evaporation. In 2014, the diaphragm process accounted for less than 14% of total installed European chlorine production capacity.