This document discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including instrumentation, analysis techniques, and sample preparation. It covers topics such as NMR-active nuclei, chemical shift values, solvent impurities, 1H and 13C NMR, peak assignment, integration, and using software to interpret results. Diagrams of NMR instrumentation are provided, as are examples of 1H and 13C NMR spectra and calculations of peak multiplicity. The use of deuterated solvents and sample preparation steps like vacuum drying and solubility testing are also outlined.

1. Advance Characterization Techniques
1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Kanhaya Kumawat
Ict mumbai
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2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Part-1
•Instrumentation
Part-2 •Analysis
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3. Part-1
Instrument diagram
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4. Instrument diagram
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5. Part 2-Analysis
Basic ideas of
 NMR active nuclei
 Chemical shift values
 Solvent impurities
 Indepth knowledge of 1H and 13C
 Peak assigning
 Integration of peaks (multiplicity)
 Sample Preparation
 Use MestReNova software
 Result interpretation
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6. Condition for NMR active nuclei
 Case-1 magnetic moment (I)=0 , NMR Inactive
 Case-2 magnetic moment (I)≠0, NMR active
 Even/Even protons and neutrons
 An even numbers of protons and an even number of neutrons containing nuclei have
I=0 so NMR Inactive. Example 12C, 16O and 32S
 Others nuclei are NMR active i.e. Odd/Odd or Odd/Even & Even/Odd
 Odd number of protons and an Odd number of neutrons I that are positive integers
Example : 2H (I=1), 14N(I=1) and 10B(I=3)
 All other nuclei (odd/even and even/odd) have spins that are half integral so NMR active
Example : 1H(I=1/2), 11B(I=3/2), 13C(I=1/2), 17O (I=5/2), 19F(I=1/2) and 31P (I=1/2)
NMR active nuclei No of NMR signals
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7. Chemical shift values
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8. NMR solvent impurities
Org. Process Res. Dev. 2016, 20, 661−667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00417
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9. How to determine no of NMR signals ?
 Parameters to determine NMR Signals
 magnetically and chemically equivalence
 symmetry elements i.e. POS, COS
Enantiotropic,diastereotropic nature
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10. Proton and Carbon NMR
1H ( simple proton and COSY)
 Simple 1H only proton signals
 COSY 1H corelation among the protons
13C ( simple and DEPT-45,90,135)
 Simple13C NMR( all Carbons with +ve)
 DEPT-45 (only H attached carbon with all +ve ),
 DEPT-90 ( only quarternary C)
 DEPT-135( CH,CH2,CH3 : even with -ve, odd with +ve)
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11. Example of proton NMR
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12. Example of Carbon NMR
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13. How to find multiplicity ?
(2nI+1) rule
Where, n = no of neighbouring protons and I= magnetic moment value
Case1, if I=1/2 Multiplicity rule =n+1
Case2, if I=1 Multiplicity rule =2n+1
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14. Find the no of NMR signals in given compounds
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15. Find the no of NMR signals in given compounds
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16. Find the no of NMR signals in given compounds
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17. Sample preparation for NMR
 Pre Preparation
 Ultrapure sample (purified compound by
appropriate purification techniques )
Vacuum drying of synthesized sample
Solubility of sample
Common solvents to check solubilty
CHCl3,MeOH,DMSO,DMF
Quantity of sample required
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18. Sample preparation for NMR
 Sample Preparation
Vacuum dried 20-25 mg sample
Duetrated solvents upto 1ml for sample
preparation
NMR tube for prepared sample with proper
labeling
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19. Why deuterated solvents are used in NMR spectroscopy ?
 To avoid swamping by the solvent signal.
• There is usually much more solvent than sample in an NMR tube. An ordinary proton-containing
solvent would give a huge solvent absorption that would dominate the 1H-NMR spectrum.
• Most 1H- NMR spectra are therefore recorded in a deuterated solvent, because deuterium atoms
absorb at a completely different frequency. But deuteration is never complete, so in CDCl3, for
example, there is always some residual CHCl3.
• You always get a solvent signal from CHCl3 at 7.26 ppm.
 To stabilize the magnetic field strength.
• The field strength of superconducting magnets tends to drift slowly.
• Modern NMR spectrometers measure the deuterium absorption of the solvent and adjust the field
strength to keep the resonance frequency (field strength) constant.
 To accurately define 0 ppm.
• The difference between the deuterium frequency and 0 ppm (TMS) is well known.
• Modern spectrometers can "lock" onto the deuterium signal, so the addition of an internal
reference like TMS is not usually required.
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20. NMR Tubes
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21. Sample Submission and data Collection
Data collected as FID file
Open FID file in MestReNova for
Reference solvent
Peak picking
Integration
Multiplicity
Finally Data Interpretation
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22. What is FID file?
NMR data is collected through pulse-observe procedure.
GED phenomenon
a. Generation of brief pulse of radio energy.
b. Excitation of NMR active nuclei
c. Decaying back to equilibrium by releasing radio energy.
Hence
The released energy is called a free induction decay or FID.
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23. Thanku for Your Kind Attention
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