The document discusses new trends in internal combustion engines to improve fuel economy, safety, emissions and noise/vibration. It describes technologies like cylinder deactivation to improve efficiency by deactivating cylinders under light loads, direct fuel injection for cleaner combustion, variable valve timing and lift to optimize performance, and turbochargers to boost power density. While making engines more complex, these technologies allow internal combustion engines to meet stricter emissions standards while enhancing fuel economy and performance.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
A brief explanation of both two stroke diesel engine and two stroke petrol engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
Types of Fuel Injection systems in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition En...Hassan Raza
This presentation was prepared by Mechanical Engineers during their final year in their Internal Combustion Engine program offered at University of Engineering and Technology Lahore.
Crdi technology is more efficient and advance technology in the field of automobile engineering. This technology is using at a large scale by a number of car companies. In this presentation you will find the basic principle, working, and component description of crdi technology.
Do you know what is engine, how many types of engines are available now. How conversion of energy takes place from chemical energy to mechanical energy or useful work. Here engine classified according to their combustion, working stroke, arrangement of piston, fuel used for combustion and on the basis of ignition system. 4-stroke petrol engine and 4-stroke diesel engine are described briefly with all 4-strokes which are completed during power conversion process. 2-stroke engine or scooter engine is also described briefly with the complete details of combustion, charge( petrol,diesel ) filling process and how all 4 stroke process(suction, combustion,power stroke, exhaust) completed in 2 stroke engine.
A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
Definition of Supercharging ,
Effect of Supercharging ,
Need of Supercharging ,
Types of Supercharging
1) Centrifugal Supercharger
2) Rootes Supercharger
3) Vane Supercharger ,
Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercharging
Types of Fuel Injection systems in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition En...Hassan Raza
This presentation was prepared by Mechanical Engineers during their final year in their Internal Combustion Engine program offered at University of Engineering and Technology Lahore.
Crdi technology is more efficient and advance technology in the field of automobile engineering. This technology is using at a large scale by a number of car companies. In this presentation you will find the basic principle, working, and component description of crdi technology.
Do you know what is engine, how many types of engines are available now. How conversion of energy takes place from chemical energy to mechanical energy or useful work. Here engine classified according to their combustion, working stroke, arrangement of piston, fuel used for combustion and on the basis of ignition system. 4-stroke petrol engine and 4-stroke diesel engine are described briefly with all 4-strokes which are completed during power conversion process. 2-stroke engine or scooter engine is also described briefly with the complete details of combustion, charge( petrol,diesel ) filling process and how all 4 stroke process(suction, combustion,power stroke, exhaust) completed in 2 stroke engine.
A brief explanation of both two stroke engine and four stroke engine with appropriate figures. It can also submitted to professor at the time of submission.
Definition of Supercharging ,
Effect of Supercharging ,
Need of Supercharging ,
Types of Supercharging
1) Centrifugal Supercharger
2) Rootes Supercharger
3) Vane Supercharger ,
Advantages & Disadvantages of Supercharging
CYLINDER DEACTIVATION ON TWO DIFFERENT CUBIC CAPACITY ENGINEIAEME Publication
Cylinder deactivation is a fuel consumption reduction technology for throttled internal combustion engines and other engines with thermal efficiency loss at part cylinder. Dynamic skip firing, which in its ultimate form incorporates anytime, any-cylinder deactivation, continuously varies the number of firing cylinders, along with cylinder load, obtaining flexible control of acoustic and vibrational excitations from the engine, and allowing an expanded operational envelope with fewer drive ability/NVH issues. This project comprises of two different cubic capacity 4 stroke (150cc-pulsar and 100cc-kinetic) engines coupled with use of sprockets and chains.
The valve timing of modern automobiles are not constant. It varies with speed, load. Here this slide describes about the modern Variable Valve Timing system and their controls
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Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation.
This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads. Higher loads require lower ratios to be more efficient and vice versa.
Variable compression engines allow the compression ratio to be changed for various working conditions, and obtain the required compression ratio for the required load conditions.
A diesel power plant is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator to generate electrical energy. A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.
INVESTIGATION OF TDI TECHNOLOGY AND CONCEPTUAL ERADICATION OF TURBOLAG BY INC...varun charavanan
With the accelerated consumption of fuel in day-to-day life, there is an augmenting demand for the development of a more fuel efficient engine. Further , there is a growing concern for the reduction of emissions that emanate from vehicles .In order to cater to all these heeds, AUDI has come up with an amazing technology called TDI (TURBOCHARGED DIRECT INJECTION) .
The inception of this incredible technology has created a revolution in diesel engines. It has made diesel engines much more efficient than its ancestors as well as its rival gasoline engine, by ensuring optimum cylinder charging. This is accomplished by incorporating a crucial component called the turbocharger. Components like piezoelectric injector, EGR, common rail, VTG consummate this engine, bolster in achieving a phenomenal performance. The most common discrepancy we found in diesel engines was turbo lag. We have introduced a modification in this engine which we perceive that it would serve as a solution for the turbo-lag. In this technique we give feedback for the turbocharger by using a DC SOLENOID MOTOR till the boost threshold is reached, by the actuation of sensors. And we have also introduced the Principles of Hydrodynamic Design Of Humpback Whale to increase the efficiency of the turbo charger at any running conditions.
Variable compression ratio and heat balance sheetdishantpati
Variable compression ratio is a technology to adjust the compression ratio of an internal combustion engine while the engine is in operation. This is done to increase fuel efficiency while under varying loads.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
1. New Trends in Internal Combustion
Engines
CHIRAG KALADIYIL
2. Introduction
• The internal combustion engine has been with
us since about 1885.
• An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat
engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs
with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber that is an integral part of the working
fluid flow circuit.
• An IC engine is fed with fossil fuels like
natural gas or petroleum products such as
gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil.
3. Will the IC engine be able to cope
with these challenges also in the
future?
1. Fuel Economy
2. Safety
3. Exhaust emission
4. Noise and vibration
4. New Trends in IC Engine
1. Cylinder Deactivation
2. Direct Injection
3. Variable valve timing and lift
4. Turbochargers
5. Cylinder Deactivation
• Cylinder deactivation is one of the technologies that improve fuel economy, the
objective of which is to reduce engine pumping losses under certain vehicle
operating conditions
• Cylinder Deactivation is the method of deactivating Cylinders as per the Power
requirement of the Engine in order to achieve better Fuel efficiency as well as
Emission Control.
• Cylinder deactivation works because only a small fraction of an engine’s peak
horsepower is needed to maintain cruising speed.
7. Advantages
• Lean combustion: Lean combustion returns 15 percent increase in fuel
efficiency over a conventional spark ignition engine.
• Cleaner combustion: Cleaner combustion and lower emissions
(especially NOx) than a conventional spark ignition engine.
• Compatibility: Compatible with gasoline as well as E85 (ethanol) fuel.
• Easy fuel burning: Fuel is burned quicker and at lower temperatures,
reducing heat energy loss compared to a conventional spark engine.
• Throttle less induction: Throttle less induction system eliminates
frictional pumping losses incurred in traditional (throttle body) spark
engines.
8. Disadvantages
• Engine balancing- Deactivating cylinders can cause change in engine balancing
which can lead to very violent vibration and increased noise levels.
• Increased cost of manufacturing- the cost of the additional parts like electronic
control module and the complexity in the design and lifter pin mechanism will
increase the cost of manufacturing
• Overall increase in weight- Due to the presence of additional components like
hydraulic lines used in hydraulic sub system, lifter locking mechanism, and solenoid
valves etc.
• Complexity of system makes maintenance difficult. - Complex lifter locking
mechanism and solenoid valves are difficult to maintain.
9. Direct fuel Injection
Direct injection is where fuel is
injected (directly) into the
cylinders, not mixed with air in
the inlet manifold or inlet ports
before being drawn into the
cylinders.
10. Types Of Direct Injection Systems
MPFi Engine
Multi Point Fuel Injection system.
In this system each cylinder has
number of injectors to supply/spray
fuel into the cylinders .
CRDi Engine
Common Rail Direct injection
system. In this system, all the
injectors are supplied by a common
fuel supply line or a manifold
called the common rail.
11. Advantages of Direct Fuel Injection
Due to multiple injections, uniform A/F
mixture supplied to cylinder; thus
difference in power developed in each
cylinder is minimum. Noise and
Vibration from the engine is less.
Since the engine is controlled by ECU,
accurate A/F mixture supplied resulting
in complete combustion leading to
effective utilization of fuel supplied and
hence low emission level.
12. Disadvantages of direct fuel injection
• The primary disadvantages of direct injection engines are complexity and
cost.
• Direct injection systems are more expensive to build because their
components must be more rugged -- they handle fuel at significantly
higher pressures than indirect injection systems and the injectors
themselves must be able to withstand the heat and pressure of
combustion inside the cylinder.
13. Variable Valve Timing And Lift
• Principle is to use a two-
position advance or retard of
either an engine’s intake or
exhaust camshaft to better
match the engine’s operating
conditions . Two main
factors that determine an I.C
engine performance are
• The point at which valves
open.
• The duration of the valves
being open.
14. Types of Variable Valve Timing System
VTEC Engine (Variable
Valve-Timing and Lift
Electronic Control) VTEC
works by varying valve
timing and lift to compensate
for the time delay and out-of-
phase arrival of the air-fuel
charge at the intake valve.
Shifts valve between two
separate sets of cam lobes—
one for high-speed operation
and one for low.
15. Advantages
• Low fuel consumption appreciable
increase in power
• Lower tail pipe emission.
• Valvetronic system, optimize engine
power and efficiency.
• Reduces pumping losses
16. Disadvantage
• Has a complex design to manufacture
• Is expensive
• High wear and tear occurs
• Very difficult to maintain
17. Turbocharger
• A turbocharger is a turbine-driven forced induction
device that increases an internal combustion engine's
efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the
combustion chamber.
• This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's
output results because the turbine can force more air, and
proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber
than atmospheric pressure alone.
• Turbochargers are commonly used on truck, car, train,
aircraft, and construction equipment engines. They are
most often used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal
combustion engines.
18. Working principle of a turbocharger
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump
driven by the energy of the exhaust gases
of an engine.
• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a
compressor on a shared shaft.
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational
force, which is in turn used to drive the
compressor.
• The compressor draws in ambient air and
pumps it in to the intake manifold at
increased pressure, resulting in a greater
mass of air entering the cylinders on each
in take stroke.
20. Advantages
• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local
atmospheric pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces.
• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal ratio of about 14.7:1, which
means that if you bum more air, you must also bum more fuel.
• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less
oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea
level, but a turbocharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing
the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.
22. Conclusion
• Internal combustion engines are among the most important engineering
applications. The theory of application either depends on Diesel or Otto
cycles. They are categorized either according to the operating cycle, or
due to the mechanism of working.
• Each type of engines has some advantages over the other one. Thus, the
selection of the appropriate engine requires determining the conditions of
application.
• Despite the green hype, internal-combustion engines with its latest and
advanced technology will keep powering vehicles for the foreseeable
future