An introductory presentation about the concept of HCCI engines and some basic ways to control it.
At last some of commercial cars that would operate with HCCI in the near future.
An introductory presentation about the concept of HCCI engines and some basic ways to control it.
At last some of commercial cars that would operate with HCCI in the near future.
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM USING COMPRESSOR AND CONTROLLER sam_e_square
this ppt deals with the PERFORMANCE & WORKING OF ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM USING COMPRESSOR AND CONTROLLER.
in this case we are using compressor instead of fuel pump.
In this paper, the regenerative braking system (RBS) is implemented in the hybrid vehicle which is made to run using internal combustion engine and batteries. A regenerative brake is an apparatus, a device or a system which allows the vehicle to recapture and store some part of the kinetic energy that would be 'lost' as heat during applying brake. The total amount of energy lost in this way depends on how many times, how hard and for how long the brakes are applied. Energy lost during braking in this hybrid vehicle is used to recharge the battery. Since regenerative braking results in an additional increase in energy output for a given energy input to a vehicle, the efficiency is improved. It is used to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle by 25% using RBS. The dynamo is fixed on the rear wheel of the vehicle which is beneficial in two ways, one that it helps to covert the kinetic energy into electrical energy and other that it controls the friction produced inside the wheel which in turn increases the life time of brake pads. Fixed at clearance angle using weld it shifts from wheel hub to wheel rim while application of brake giving more effectiveness to the vehicle.
UNIT-II-ENGINE AUXILIARY SYSTEMS &TURBOCHARGERDineshKumar4165
Electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engines, Electronically controlled diesel injection system, Unit injector system, Rotary distributor type and common rail direct injection system, Electronic ignition system - Transistorized coil ignition system, capacitive discharge ignition system, Turbo chargers -Waste Gate Turbocharger, Variable Geomentry Turbocharger, Engine emission control by three way catalytic converter system, Emission norms (Euro and BS).
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM USING COMPRESSOR AND CONTROLLER sam_e_square
this ppt deals with the PERFORMANCE & WORKING OF ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM USING COMPRESSOR AND CONTROLLER.
in this case we are using compressor instead of fuel pump.
In this paper, the regenerative braking system (RBS) is implemented in the hybrid vehicle which is made to run using internal combustion engine and batteries. A regenerative brake is an apparatus, a device or a system which allows the vehicle to recapture and store some part of the kinetic energy that would be 'lost' as heat during applying brake. The total amount of energy lost in this way depends on how many times, how hard and for how long the brakes are applied. Energy lost during braking in this hybrid vehicle is used to recharge the battery. Since regenerative braking results in an additional increase in energy output for a given energy input to a vehicle, the efficiency is improved. It is used to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicle by 25% using RBS. The dynamo is fixed on the rear wheel of the vehicle which is beneficial in two ways, one that it helps to covert the kinetic energy into electrical energy and other that it controls the friction produced inside the wheel which in turn increases the life time of brake pads. Fixed at clearance angle using weld it shifts from wheel hub to wheel rim while application of brake giving more effectiveness to the vehicle.
UNIT-II-ENGINE AUXILIARY SYSTEMS &TURBOCHARGERDineshKumar4165
Electronically controlled gasoline injection system for SI engines, Electronically controlled diesel injection system, Unit injector system, Rotary distributor type and common rail direct injection system, Electronic ignition system - Transistorized coil ignition system, capacitive discharge ignition system, Turbo chargers -Waste Gate Turbocharger, Variable Geomentry Turbocharger, Engine emission control by three way catalytic converter system, Emission norms (Euro and BS).
Similar to unit-5recenttrends-230829095521-a00a0692.pptx (20)
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION
(HCCI)
• Homogeneous Charge Compressive Ignition is an internal
combustion in which well-mixed fuel and atmospheric air are
compressed to the auto ignition point. This exothermic reaction
releases chemical energy which is transferred into work and heat.
Start of combustion in three types of engines
4. HCCI has two forms of combustion used in engines.
Homogeneous charge spark ignition and
Stratified charge compression ignition.
Here HCCI works with both gasoline engine and diesel engines.
Gasoline work under homogeneous charge spark ignition method and it
is also known as (HCSI). Likewise diesel engines work under stratified
charge compression ignition methodwhich is also known as SCCI.
6. LEAN-BURN ENGINE
Lean-burn means pretty much what it says. It is a lean amount of fuel
supplied to and burned in an engine combustion chamber. Normal air-
to-fuel ratio is on the order of IS:1. True lean-burn can go as high as
23:1.
7. Working Principle
• A lean burn mode is a way to reduce throttling losses. An engine in
a typical vehicle is sized for providing the desired for acceleration, but
must operate well below the particular point in normal steady-speed
operation. Ordinarily the power is cut by partially closing a throttle.
However, the extra work done in pumping air through the throttle
reduces efficiency. power
10. Advantages
Emit fewer unburned hydrocarbons and green house gases
Higher fuel economy.
A lean-burn mode is a way to reduce throttling losses.
12. STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINE
• The stratified charge engine is a type of internal combustion engine
which runs on gasoline. When compared with conventional internal
combustion engine, the compression ratio is high in stratified charge
engine. Here we use exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) or
catalytic converters to reduce the emissions from the engine cylinder.
• Stratified charge combustion engine utilizes a method of
distributing fuel that successively builds layers of fuel in the
combustion chamber. The initial change of fuel is directly injected into
a small concentrated area of the combustion chamber where it ignites
quickly.
13. Working Principle
• In traditional engine, we use air and fuel mixture at correct
proportion for the working of engine. In stratified charge engine, we
use lean mixture which is so low in fuel which could not be used in
conventional engine. A pre combustion chamber is designed before the
combustion chamber where the spark plug is located.
14. Stratified charge engine
It contains a spheroid cavity that imparts a swirling movement to
the air contained by the cylinder during compression. During
injection, fuel is sprayed nearer to the spark plug, for turbulent flow we
use artifices life "swirl" or "tumble".
The working of stratified charge engine comprises of two modes.
Lean mode.
Normal mode.
15. Lean Mode
• Lean mode operates at very low engine load. Here the injection
takes place at the end of the compression stroke and swirl effect is
created at the piston cavity. Fuel sprayed by the injector is confined
near the spark plug and a very high pressure is developed in the
cylinder at this moment.
16. Normal Mode
• Normal mode works under very high engine load. When engine
power is required injection takes place in normal mode, during the
admission phase.
• This makes it possible to achieve a homogeneous mix, as it is the
case with traditional injection.
17. SURFACE IGNITION ENGINE
•
The other important abnormal combustion phenomenon is surface
ignition. Surface ignition is ignition of fuel air charge by overheated
valves or spark plugs, by glowing combustion chamber deposits, or by
any other hot spot in the engine combustion chamber. It is the initiation
of flame front by a hot surface other than the spark plug. Mostly
surface ignition is due to carbon deposits.
19. ELECTRONIC ENGINE MANAGEMENT
• It provides the information about how fast the engine is running or
where the crankshaft is in its rotation. ECU senses this information and
adjusts the fuel injection and the spark timing so that the engine speed
does not exceed the safe operating limits.
Purpose of EEM
• Controlling of Engine operation electronically by electronic
components.
• Benefits to the motorist, more power, better mileage, a smoother idle
andreduced operation expenses.
20. Basic Components of EEM
Electronic Control Module
Fuel Delivery System
Ignition System
Sensors
Electronic Control Module
It is a extremely reliable piece of hardware.
It process information hundreds of times per second.
It is actually a microprocessor.
It is programmed by the Manufacturer.
21. Fuel Delivery system
The fuel line passes through which feeds each injector
and it passes through a pressure regulator.
The surplus fuel heading back to the tank in the return
line. The air is taken from the atmosphere. It is mixed
with fuel just before the inlet valve by the fuel injector.
Ignition System
To maximize the Engine output, spark should be at the
precise moment.
Maximum combustion chamber pressure can be attained.
A mechanical advance distributor is used for this.
A spark advance map is developed and stored in the
ECU.
22. COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION
DIESEL ENGINE(CRDDI)
CRDDI is technically efficient engine which is used to overcome
the problems such as improper automization which leads to more
unburnt particles, causing more pollution, lower fuel efficiency and
less power.
A diesel fuel injection system employs a common pressure
accumulator, called the rail, which is mounted along the engine block
as shown in Fig.5.6. The rail is fed by a high pressure fuel pump. The
injectors, which are fed from the common rail, are activated by
solenoid valves.
24. Principle of CRDDI in Gasoline Engines
Gasoline engines are using carburetors for the supply of air-fuel
mixture before the introduction of MPFI system. CRDDI principle can
also be adopted for gasoline engines. This engine is known as Gasoline
Direct Injection (GDI) gasoline engines.
Advantages of CRDDI System
Better pulverization of fuel.
Doubling the torque at lower speeds.
Improved power, increased fuel efficiency and reduced
noise.
Less emissions and reduced particulates in the exhaust
25. GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION ENGINE
(GDIE)
• In internal combustion engines, Gasoline Direct
Injection Engine (GDIE), also known as Petrol
Direct Injection Engine or Direct Petrol Injection
Engine or Spark Ignited Direct Injection Engine
(SIDIE) or Fuel Stratified Injection Engine (FSIE), is
a variant of fuel injection employed in modern two-
stroke and four-stroke gasoline engines.
26. Working Principle
The major advantages of a GDI engine are increased fuel efficiency
and high power output. Emission levels can also be more accurately
controlled with the GDI system. The cited gains are achieved by the
precise control over the amount of fuel and injection timings that are
varied according to engine load. In addition, there are no throttling
losses in some GDI engines, when compared to a conventional fuel-
injected (or) carburetor engine, which greatly improves efficiency, and
reduces pumping losses in engines without a throttle plate. Engine
speed is controlled by the engine control unit/engine management
system (EMS), which regulates fuel injection function and ignition
timing, instead of having a throttle plate that restricts the incoming air
supply.
28. HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Internal combustion engines produce an accountable emission and
are also less efficient at part loads. But electrical drives have no
emission, but varying in efficiency for limited range. In advance
technology, both aspects are combined and the hybrid vehicle is
formed. A hybrid electric vehicle has two types of energy storage units
by electricity and fuel. Electricity means that a battery is used to store
the energy. Fuel means that a tank is required in the form of I.C engine
to produce mechanical power. Also fuel cell will be used to convert
fuel to electric energy.
29. Types of Hybrid System
The hybrid systems are classified into three types.
Series system
Parallel system
Series-Parallel system (or) Combined system
Series System
In series system, the combustion engine drives an electric generator
instead of driving the wheels. The electric motor provides the power
to the wheels. The generator is employed to recharge thebatteries and
also provide power to electric motor to move the vehicle.
31. Advantages of Series System
No mechanical link between the combustion engine and
its wheel.
No conventional transmission elements (gear box,
transmission shaft) are placed..
The engine drives a generator to run at optimum
performance.
The combustion engine can operate in a narrow rpm
range, even vehicle changesthe speed.
The engine is never required to idle thus reducing
exhaust emission.
32. Disadvantages of Series System
The series system has less efficient. It requires larger
and heavier battery back up.
The power from the combustion engine has to run
through both the generator and electric motor. During
longer drive the total efficiency is less, due to several
energy conversions
The engine works very hard to maintain battery charge
as the system is not running in parallel.
38. Advantages
Total efficiency is higher at long distance and highway
Larger flexibility to switch over between electric motor
It does not require separate generator for recharging
since the motor regeneratesthe batteries.
39. Disadvantages
Complicated system.
If heat engine does not operate in correct rpm, the
efficiency will drop at low speed.
If the heat engine is not linked to the wheels, the battery
will not be charged.
• Examples
Honda's insight
Volvo 26 ton truck
Accord hybrids
BMW 7 series Active Hybrid
43. NOX ABSORBER
NOx absorber is developed to reduce the oxides of nitrogen emitted by
the exhaust gas from the lean burn internal combustion engine. This
NOx absorber is purely designed for diesel engines. Nowadays,
designers have the challenges to emit the oxygen from exhaust. The
3-way catalytic converter technology is the successful way for the
internal combustion engines.