The document discusses turbocharging in internal combustion engines. It explains that a turbocharger increases an engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber. A turbocharger consists of a turbine powered by exhaust gases that spins a compressor to pump more air into the intake manifold. The advantages of a turbocharger include increased power and compensation for thinner air at higher altitudes. However, turbochargers also have disadvantages like increased cost, complexity, and the potential for turbo lag.

1. TURBOCHARGING IN IC ENGINES
SUBMITTED BY -
CADET ALANKAR SINGH
SUBMITTED TO – ASST PROF
CHETAN KUMAR

2. Introduction
• The internal combustion engine has been with
us since about 1885.
• An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat
engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs
with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion
chamber that is an integral part of the working
fluid flow circuit.
• An IC engine is fed with fossil fuels like
natural gas or petroleum products such as
gasoline, diesel fuel or fuel oil.

3. Will the IC engine be able to cope
with these challenges also in the
future?
1. Fuel Economy
2. Safety
3. Exhaust emission
4. Noise and vibration

4. Turbocharger
• A turbocharger is a turbine-driven forced induction
device that increases an internal combustion engine's
efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the
combustion chamber.
• This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine's
output results because the turbine can force more air, and
proportionately more fuel, into the combustion chamber
than atmospheric pressure alone.
• Turbochargers are commonly used on truck, car, train,
aircraft, and construction equipment engines. They are
most often used with Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal
combustion engines.

5. Working principle of a turbocharger
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump
driven by the energy of the exhaust gases
of an engine.
• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a
compressor on a shared shaft.
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational
force, which is in turn used to drive the
compressor.
• The compressor draws in ambient air and
pumps it in to the intake manifold at
increased pressure, resulting in a greater
mass of air entering the cylinders on each
in take stroke.

6. Working of turbocharger

7. Advantages
• The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local
atmospheric pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces.
• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal ratio of about 14.7:1, which
means that if you bum more air, you must also bum more fuel.
• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less
oxygen, reducing power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea
level, but a turbocharger can compensate for that loss, pressurizing
the intake charge to something close to sea level pressure.

8. Disadvantages
• Cost and complexity
• Detonation
• Large space requirement
• Turbo lag

9. Conclusion
• Internal combustion engines are among the most important engineering
applications. The theory of application either depends on Diesel or Otto
cycles. They are categorized either according to the operating cycle, or
due to the mechanism of working.
• Each type of engines has some advantages over the other one. Thus, the
selection of the appropriate engine requires determining the conditions of
application.
• Despite the green hype, internal-combustion engines with its latest and
advanced technology will keep powering vehicles for the foreseeable
future