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Grammar book
 By: Chelsea Brady
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Imperfect
El Preterito
-car/-gar/-zar
Spock
Cucaracha
Snake
Modal Verbs
Los Adverbios
Irregular Adverbs
Progressive Tense
      Past tense
      Present tense
Future
Conditional
Superlatives
Formal Commands
Prepositions
Demonstratives
IMPERFECT
IRREGULARS




   Uses:
   1. Ongoing action (was/were)
   2. Repeated action (used to)
   3. No definite beginning or end
   4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions
   5. Interrupted activity (cuando)
preterito
-past tense
“completed action
“snapshot” in time
-beginning and/or in ending
    Ar:                       er/ir:
     yo: e                      i
  tu: aste                     iste
  el/ella/ud: o                   io
  nosotros:amos                     imos
  ellos/ellas:aron                 ieron
El preterito; -car, -gar, -zar

     Tocar       Jugar     Comenzar

 •Toque      •jugue      •comence
 •Tocaste    •Jugaste    •Comenzaste
 •Toco       •Jugo       •Comenzo
 •Tocamos    •Jugamos    •Comenzamos
 •tocaron    •jugaron    •comenzaron
Spock
                   IR/SER
HACER




                                      DAR/VER
        -HICE               -fui                -I
        -HICISTE            -fuiste             -iste
        -HIZO               -fue                -io
        -HICIMOS            -fuimos             imon
        -                   -fueron             -ieron
        HICIERON
CUCURACHA


Andar anduv-
Estar estuv-
Poder pua-
Poner pus-
Querer quis-
Saber sup-
Tener tuv-
Venir vin-
Decir dij-
Traer traj-
Conducir conduj-
Producir produj-
Traduar traduj-
Snake/snakey
Preterite verbs with a ‘y’ spelling change
STEM CHANGERS
    Dormir
    Dormí
    Dormimos
                                             *Y CHANGERS
    Dormiste
    Durmió
    Dumieron                                      Leer
                                                  Leí
                                                  Leimos
                                                  Leiste
                                                  Leyó
                                                  Leyeron
Modal
Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
Poder+ infinitive (are able to do something)
Querer+ infinitive(want to do something)
Deber+ infinitive (should do something)
Tener que + infinitive(to have to do
something)
Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to….)
mucho      alot          Muy        very       mal    bad   Bastante   Quite/enough




            •Good/well              •already
    bien                       ya               tan    So   poco          little
Progressive
  Estoy hablando.
  I am speaking.
Juan está comiendo.
  John is eating.
María está escribiendo una carta.
  Mary is writing a letter.
                                     estar
                                     Estoy
                                      estás
                                      está
                                    estamos
                                     estáis
                                     están
                                                  hablar: hablando
                                              (hablar - ar + ando)
                                                        trabajar: trabajando
                                                       (trabajar - ar + ando)
                                                       estudiar: estudiando
                                                      (estudiar - ar + ando)
-e
                  -as
Decir dir-
Hacer har-         -a
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr-    -emos
Tener tendre-
Valer vendr-
                  -eis
Poder podr-
Querer querr-
                  -an
Saber sabr-
CONDITIONAL


The conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or
conjecture. Conditional will usually translate as would, could, must
have, or probably.
When would is used in the sense of a repeated action in the
past, the imperfect is used.
To conjugate regular –ar, -er, and –ir verbs in the conditional, simply
add one of the following to the infinitive:
   Ía
   Ías
   Ía
   Íamos
   Íais
   Ían
Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase.
      John is the smartest boy in the class.
      María es la chica más delgada de la clase.
      Mary is the thinnest girl in the class.
Definative
                 noun       Mas(menos)       Adjective   de
 article
Change to yo’
Change opposite vowel Tenga-T
Ar     e              Venga-v
Er/ir    a            De-D
                     Vaya-V
                     Sea-S
                     Haga-H
                     Este-E
                     Sepa-S
preposition
A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a
person or thing.
   Ex.: he, him, she, her, they, them
As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to
use for the subject of the sentence.
When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a
different set of pronouns is used.
DEMONSTRATIVES
When you’re pointing out specific things, you use
demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
Eso, esto, aquello refer to a situation or ideas, not to
specific nouns.
Accent marks denote pronouns which take the place
of a noun.
All demonstratives always agree in gender and
number in the noun it modifies.

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New grammar book

  • 1. Grammar book By: Chelsea Brady
  • 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Imperfect El Preterito -car/-gar/-zar Spock Cucaracha Snake Modal Verbs Los Adverbios Irregular Adverbs Progressive Tense Past tense Present tense Future Conditional Superlatives Formal Commands Prepositions Demonstratives
  • 4. IRREGULARS Uses: 1. Ongoing action (was/were) 2. Repeated action (used to) 3. No definite beginning or end 4. Time/date/age/feelings/descriptions 5. Interrupted activity (cuando)
  • 5. preterito -past tense “completed action “snapshot” in time -beginning and/or in ending Ar: er/ir: yo: e i tu: aste iste el/ella/ud: o io nosotros:amos imos ellos/ellas:aron ieron
  • 6. El preterito; -car, -gar, -zar Tocar Jugar Comenzar •Toque •jugue •comence •Tocaste •Jugaste •Comenzaste •Toco •Jugo •Comenzo •Tocamos •Jugamos •Comenzamos •tocaron •jugaron •comenzaron
  • 7. Spock IR/SER HACER DAR/VER -HICE -fui -I -HICISTE -fuiste -iste -HIZO -fue -io -HICIMOS -fuimos imon - -fueron -ieron HICIERON
  • 8. CUCURACHA Andar anduv- Estar estuv- Poder pua- Poner pus- Querer quis- Saber sup- Tener tuv- Venir vin- Decir dij- Traer traj- Conducir conduj- Producir produj- Traduar traduj-
  • 9. Snake/snakey Preterite verbs with a ‘y’ spelling change STEM CHANGERS Dormir Dormí Dormimos *Y CHANGERS Dormiste Durmió Dumieron Leer Leí Leimos Leiste Leyó Leyeron
  • 10. Modal Ir + a + infinitive (going to do something) Poder+ infinitive (are able to do something) Querer+ infinitive(want to do something) Deber+ infinitive (should do something) Tener que + infinitive(to have to do something) Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to….)
  • 11. mucho alot Muy very mal bad Bastante Quite/enough •Good/well •already bien ya tan So poco little
  • 12. Progressive Estoy hablando. I am speaking. Juan está comiendo. John is eating. María está escribiendo una carta. Mary is writing a letter. estar Estoy estás está estamos estáis están hablar: hablando (hablar - ar + ando) trabajar: trabajando (trabajar - ar + ando) estudiar: estudiando (estudiar - ar + ando)
  • 13. -e -as Decir dir- Hacer har- -a Poner pondr- Salir saldr- -emos Tener tendre- Valer vendr- -eis Poder podr- Querer querr- -an Saber sabr-
  • 14. CONDITIONAL The conditional is used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture. Conditional will usually translate as would, could, must have, or probably. When would is used in the sense of a repeated action in the past, the imperfect is used. To conjugate regular –ar, -er, and –ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of the following to the infinitive: Ía Ías Ía Íamos Íais Ían
  • 15. Juan es el chico más inteligente de la clase. John is the smartest boy in the class. María es la chica más delgada de la clase. Mary is the thinnest girl in the class. Definative noun Mas(menos) Adjective de article
  • 16. Change to yo’ Change opposite vowel Tenga-T Ar e Venga-v Er/ir a De-D Vaya-V Sea-S Haga-H Este-E Sepa-S
  • 17. preposition A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a person or thing. Ex.: he, him, she, her, they, them As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to use for the subject of the sentence. When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a different set of pronouns is used.
  • 18. DEMONSTRATIVES When you’re pointing out specific things, you use demonstrative adjectives and pronouns. Eso, esto, aquello refer to a situation or ideas, not to specific nouns. Accent marks denote pronouns which take the place of a noun. All demonstratives always agree in gender and number in the noun it modifies.