11. Modal Verbs
ir a infinitive
(one able to
poder infinitive do
something)
(want to do
querer infinitive
something)
(should do
deber infinitive
something)
Tener infinitive
(To have to
do
que something)
(to be
soler infinitive accustomed
to)
12. Most Spanish adverbs are
formed by adding –mente to
the feminine singular form of
Los adverbios the adjective. This ending
corresponds to –ly in English.
–E ending does not change r in
constenant.
Feminine
adjective Adverb
Form
When two adverbs modify
the same verb, only the
Claro Clara Claramente second one uses the –mente
ending. Note the adverb is
the same as the feminine
singular form of the
adjective.
Constante Constante Constantemente Ex:
Juan trabaja lenta y
cuidadosamente.
13. -iendo or
estar -ando
Yendo
Progressive Tense (present)
er/ir ar
comer: comiendo hablar: hablando
(comer - er + iendo) (hablar - ar +
hacer: haciendo ando)
(hacer - er + iendo) trabajar:
vivir: viviendo trabajando
(vivir - ir + iendo) (trabajar - ar +
escribir: escribiendo ando)
(escribir - ir + iendo) estudiar:
The present progressive is formed by combining the verb “to be” with the
present participle. (-ing part of verb)
Examples:
1. Estaba hablando a ti. (I was talking to you.)
2. Estabas nadando en el rio. ( you were swimming in the river.)
14. A past progressive
tense that is EXACTLY
THE SAME as the
present
Progressive Tense (past) progressive, except
that the verb estar is
in the imperfect
tense.
El-Ella- Ellos-
Yo Tu Nosotros
Usd. Ellas-Usds.
estaba estabas estaba estábmos estaban
comiendo comiendo comiendo
comiendo comiendo
Examples:
1. Estaba hablando a ti. (I was talking to you.)
2. Estabas nadando en el rio. ( you were swimming in the river.)
15. Conditional
To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, simply add one of
the following to the infintive:
Ía Ías Ía Íamos Íais ían
Examples:
Yo sabía que abrirían la tienda a las siete.I knew that
they would open the store at seven o'clock.
Si yo tuviera tiempo, iría al cine esta noche.
If I had time, I would go to the movies tonight.
16. Future
infinitive + é
infinitive + ás
infinitive + á
infinitive + emos
infinitive + án
17. Irregular adverbs:
Mucho- a lot
Muy- very
bastante- quite enough
Mal- bad
Bien- good
Ya- already
Tan- so
Demasiado- too
Siempre- always
Nunca- never
Poco- little
Peor- worse
18. Superlatives
When you want to say that something has the most or the least of a
certain quality, use a superlative!
El
El más
menos
Ex: Los Los
Luis es el más alto. más menos
( Luis is the tallest.)
Carmen es la más pequeña. La
(Carmen is the smallest.) La más
menos
Las Las
más menos
19. Formal Commands
The formal commands are formed the same way as the present
subjunctive:
1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.
2. Then drop the -o ending.
3. Finally, add the following endings:
-ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
-er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)
Examples:
Compre Ud. el anillo.(You) Buy the ring.
Haga Ud. la tarea.(You) Do the homework.
Compren Uds. los libros.(You-all) Buy the books.
20. Prepositions
List of Spanish Prepositions
a (to, at) en vez de (instead of)
al (upon) en (in, at)
al lado de (beside) encima de (above, on top)
ante (before) enfrente de (in front of)
antes de (before) entre (between, among)
bajo (under) fuera de (outside)
cerca de (near) hacia (towards)
como (like) hasta (until)
con (with) lejos de (far from)
contra (against) menos (except)
de (from, of, about) para (for)
debajo de (under, beneath) por (for, on account of)
delante de (in front of) salvo (except)
dentro de (inside) según (according to)
desde (since) sin (without)
después de (after) sobre (about, above/on)
detrás de (behind) tras (after)
21. Demonstratives
eso, esto, aquello are nuter- refer to situations or ideas, not to
specific nouns.
accent marks denotes pronouns which take the place of a
noun.
all demonstratives always agree in gender and number of the
noun they modify.
Sing. Plural Sing. Plural translations
male male female Female
Allí Ese Esos Esa Esas That
far)
Aquí Este Estos Esta Estas This
(here)
Alla aquel aquellos Aquella Aquellas That way over
(way far there
away)
