This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including: the imperfect tense, preterit tense, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive tense, future tense, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, conditional tense, and demonstratives. It explains how to conjugate and use these various grammar structures in Spanish.

1. Grammar
Book – Part 2
Azul Messerly

2. Table of Contents
 Imperfect
 Preterit
 Modal Verbs
 Adverbs
 Progressive
 Future
 Superlatives
 Formal Commands
 Prepositions
 Conditional
 Demonstratives

3. Imperfect Tense
ER: AR:
 IR: aba
ia
 ia abas
ias
 ias
aba
 ia ia
 iamos iamos abamos
 iais iais
abais
 ian ian
aban

4. Prederite Ar- Er/ir-
Imprerfect
é í CAR GAR ZAR
aste Iste Tocar jugar Comenzar
Ó ío
Amos imos • Toque • Juque • Comence
aron ieron • Tocaste • Jugaste • Comenzaste
• Toco • Jugo • Comenzo
• Tocamos • Jugamos • Comenzamos
• Tocaron • jugaron • Comenzaron
Fui
Fuiste
Cucaracha Verbs
Anduv-
Fue
Fuimos I Estuv- -e
Pud-
fueron Iste Pus-
Io Quis- -iste
Imos Sup-
Ieron Tuv- -o
Hice Vin-
Dig-
Hiciste -imos
Drop the I
Traj-
Hizo Conduj-
Hicimos Produj-
-ieron
Traduj-
hicieron

5. Modal Verbs
*conjugate and pair the modal verb with an infinitive to get a new
meaning
 ir+a+infintive (going to something)
 Poder+infinitive (are able to do something)
 Querer+infinitive (want to do something)
 Deber+infintive(should do something)
 Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)
 Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to…)

6. Los adverbios
Adjective feminine form adverb
Claro clara claramente
Deficil dificil deficilmente
Perfecto perfecta perfectamente
***Don’t say 2 “mentes” together
Ex.. Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente

7. Progressive Tense
Present Past
 -ando (ar) Same thing except
 -iendo (ir/er)
you change the
estar.
 -yendo
• Estaba
Ex. Hablando • Estabas
Ex. Comiendo • Estaba
Ex. Leyendo • Estabamos
• Estabais

8. Future
Decir dir- - a
Hacer har-
- as
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr- - a
Tener tendr-
- emos
Valer vendr-
Poder podr- - an
Querer querr-
Saber sabr-

9. Superlatives
 definite
article + noun + más (menos) +
adjective + de
 Juanes el chico más inteligente de la
clase.
John is the smartest boy in the class.

10. Formal Command
 Put in yo.
 Change the vowel. (ar-e….ir/er-a)
 These rules apply for negative and
positive.
 T.V. D.I.S.H.E.S. apply

11. Prepositions
 Izquiera- left
 Derecha- right
 Delante- in front
 Detras- behind
 Lejos- far away
 Cerca- near
 Abajo- below
 Arriba- above
 Encima- on top
 Afuero- outside
 Dentro de- inside
 Entre- in between

12. Conditional
 ía
 ías
 ía
 íamos
 íais
 ían
 Used to express probability, possibility, or wonder.
 Often translated as would, should, or could have.
 Ex. El alumno dijo que estudiaría una hora más.
The student said that he would study one more
hour.

13. Demonstratives
Singular
 Esto(a)- this
 Eso(a)- that
 Aquel(a)- that over there
Plural
 Estos(as)- these
 Esos(as)- those
 Aquellos(as)- Those over there
 Anything that ends with an “E” is neuter.
 T is near me.