This document provides a table of contents and overview of various Spanish grammar topics including: imperfect tense, preterite tense, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive tenses, future tense, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, conditional tense, and demonstratives. The document defines and provides examples for each topic to summarize key rules and uses in Spanish.

1. By: Tatiana Carver
6th period

2. Table of Contents
1) Imperfect
2) Preterite
-car gar zar –spock –cucaracha –snakey snake
3) Modal Verbs
4) Adverbios
5) Progressive-past & present
6) Future
7) Superlatives
8) Formal Commands
9) Prepositions
10) Conditional
11) Demonstratives

3. Imperfect
∞Regular verb forms:
- hablar (aba) - comer (ía) - escribir (ía)
∞Irregular verb forms
ir ser ver
iba era veía
ibas eras veías
iba era veía
íbamos éramos veíamos
ibais erais veíais
iban eran veían
Uses
1. ongoing action 2. repeated action 3. no definite
beginning or end 4. time/date/age/feelings/descriptions

4. Preteritó Irregulares
-car -gar -zar
tocar jugar comenzar
toqué jugué comencé
tocaste jugaste comenzaste
tocó jugó comenzó
tocamos jugamos comenzamos
tocaron jugaron comenzaron
Examples:
Yo jugué.
Ellos comenzaron la prueba.
Ella tocó la guitarra.

5. Spock Verbs
hacer ir/ser dar/ver
-hice -fui -di -vi
-hicista -fuiste -diste -viste
-hizo -fue -dio -vio
-hicimos -fuimos -dimos -vimos
-hicieron -fueron -dieron -vieron

6. Cucaracha Snakey snake
Ir stem- changing verbs do change in
the preterite (e: i and o: u third
person singular and plural)
ER/IR verbs whose stems end in a vowel
send a strong Y to replace the I in the 3rd
person forms.

7. Modal verbs
 conjugate and pair the modal verbs with an infinitive
to get a new meaning.
 ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
 poder + infintive (are able to do something)
 querer + infintive (want to do something)
 deber + infintive (should do something)
 tener + infintive (to have to do something)
 soler + infintive (to be accustomed to)
 necesitar + infintive (need to do something)

8. Adverbios
 most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding –mente to
the feminine singular form.
 Examples
Adjective Feminine Forms Adverb Meaning
perfecto perfecta perfectamente perfectly
alegre alegre alegremente happily
 when 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd one
uses the –mente ending
Examples: Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosmente.
El chico le habló clara y cortésmente.

9. Progressive (past & present)
 Present progressive is formed by combining the verb
“to be” with the present participle –( “ing” form of a verb)
 Estar + -ando, -iendo, -yendo
 Examples:
- Estoy hablando.
I am speaking.
- Juan está comiendo.
John is eating.
- María está escribiendo una carta.
Mary is writing a letter.
 Past (imperfect) progressive
 Example: Estaba hablando a ti.

10. Future
“will”
 infinitive +  same endings for AR,
yo- é ER, & IR
tú- ás
él/ella/usted- á Examples:
nosotros- emos Ella viviré en California.
ellos/ellas/ustedes- án Ellos hablarán en la clase.
 Future Trigger Words
- - manana - - el proximo - - en

11. Superlatives
 When you want to say something has the most of the
least of a certain quality, use a superlative.
 El más… Examples:
 Los más… (1) Luis es el más alto.
 La más… (2) Carmen es la más pequena.
 El menos... (3) Mercedes es la menos cansada
 Los menos…
 La menos…
 Las menos…

12. Formal Commands
 For Usted commands
(1) put in “yo” form
(2) change vowel
• AR → e
• ER/IR → a
Irregulares= TVDISHES
Negative Ud. Commands, do the same thing!

13. Prepositions
 Izquierda- left
 Derecha- right
 Delante- before
 Arriba- above
 Encima- on top
 Enfrente- in front
 Detrás- behind
 Cerca- close
 Lejos- far away
 Entre- between
 Al lado- by
 Detro- inside
 Abajo- below

14. Conditional
 ía
 ías
 ía Example
 Íamos La estudiante dijo que estudaría por una hora.
 ían
 Used to express possibility, probability , or wonder.
 Usually translated as would, should, or could have.

15. Demonstratives
 Demonstrative adjectives are placed before the noun
and agree in number and gender with the noun.
 Examples: this restaurant= este restaurante
those waiters= esos meseros
that table over there= aquella mesa
this that that over there
este ese aquel
esta esa aquella
these those those over there
estos esos aquellos
estas esas aquellas