This document is a grammar book that provides instruction on various Spanish grammar topics including: the imperfect tense, preterite tense, modal verbs, adverbs, progressive tenses, future tense, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, conditional tense, and demonstratives. It includes examples and conjugations for each topic.
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5. -car,-gar,-zar
• Regular verbs with these endings have a
spelling change in the yo form to keep the
sound of the verb.
-car yo -qué
-gar yo -gué
-zar yo -cé
BECOMES
Sacar cqu (yo)saqué Yo saqué la basura.
Pagar ggu (yo)pagué Yo pagué dos dólares.
Empezar zc (yo)empecé Yo empecé un trabajo nuevo.
7. CUCARACHA
Andar Anduv Yo E
Estar Estuv Tú Iste
Poder Pud Él,ella,usted O
Poner Pus Nosotros Imos
Querer Quis vosotros isteis
Saber Sup
Tener Tuv
Venir Vin
Decir Dij
Traer Traj
Conducir Conduj Drop the i on ieron
Producir Produj
Traducir traduj
9. Modal Verbs:
• Ir+infinitive (going to do something)
• Poder+infinitive (are able to do something)
• Querer+infinitive (want to do something)
• Deber+infinitive (should do something)
• Tenerque+infinitive (to have to do something)
• Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)
10. Adverbs
• Always agree in gender and
number with the noun they
modify
• Always come in front of the
noun they modify
• Singular: ~Este/Esta(this)
~Ese/Esa(that)
~Aquel/Aquella(that over
there)
• Plural: ~Estos/Estas(these)
~Esos/Esas(those)
11. Progressive Tense
• Estart ando/iendo/yendo creer
leer
uir
ir
• Present Progressive:
Estoy hablando a ti- I am talking to you
• Past Imperfect Progressive:
Estaba hablando a ti- I was talking to you
12. Future (Irregular)
“WILL”
Ē Mañana, yo irē
Ās a la escuela
Infinitive + Ā
Emos
Ā
13. Superlatives
Use when trying to say that
something has the most or least
of a certain quality
Más + Luis es el más
alto.
adjective (the
most...)
EXS:
Menos +
adjective (the
Sophia es la
least…) menos agardable.
14. Formal Commands
• The formal commands are formed the
same way as the present subjunctive:
1. Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
2. Then drop the -o ending.
3. Finally, add the following endings:
• -ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
• -er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)
15. Prepositions
• A preposition is a type of word that is used to
form a phrase; the phrase in turn functions as
an adjective or adverb.
EXAMPLE:
English: I (subject) am going (verb) to
(preposition) the store (prepositional object).
Spanish: Yo (subject) voy (verb) a (preposition)
la tienda (prepositional object).
16. Conditiona
l
• Used to express probability, possibility, wonder or
conjecture, and is usually translated as would, could, must
have or probably
EMAPLE: The student said that he would study one more hour.
(probability, possibility)
What time could it have been? (wonder, conjecture)
He must have been at home. (wonder, conjecture)
We were probably busy when you called.
(probability, possibility)
• To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the
conditional, add one of the following to the infintive:
• ía
ías
ía
íamos
íais
ían
17. Demonstratives
SM SF PM PF
ESE ESA ESOS ESAS
ESTE ESTA ESTOS ESTAS
AQUEL AQUELLA AQUELLOS AQUELLAS
• Eso, esto, aquello are
neuter(refer to specific situations
or ideas, not to specific nouns)
•Accent marks denotes pronouns
which take the place of a noun
•All demonstratives always agree
