This document discusses biocides, which are formulations containing active substances that control or destroy harmful organisms. It provides background information on biocides, including types (chemical and natural), major classes, and common active ingredients. The document outlines both arguments for biocides, such as increased food supply and farmer profits, and risks, like negative health and environmental impacts. It also describes common applications of biocides in areas like agriculture, swimming pools, cosmetics/pharmaceuticals, and medical device sterilization. In conclusion, the document states that biocide use should be minimized and carefully regulated due to the risks involved.

3.  Introduction
 Facts related to biocides
 classification
 Arguments for biocides
 Hazards and environmental risks
 Applications
 conclusion

4. A biocide is basically a formulation
containing one or more active substances
that will –at very small doses repel or control
or destroys harmful organisms

5.  Over 3 mmt of biocides are used annually on
Earth
 Approximately 25% of the biocides used to
rid houses, gardens, lawns, parks, playing
fields, swimming pools.
 The average USA homeowner applies 2-6
times more biocides per acre than farmers
do!

8. There are two major types of biocides
1. Chemical biocides
2. Natural biocides

9. A biocide can be: A pesticide this includes
 Fungicides
 Herbicides
 Insecticides
 Algicides
 Molluscicides

10. 1. Hypochlorate
. Sodium hypochlorate
. Calcium hypochlorate
2. Hydrogen peroxide
3. Chlorine bleach

12. 1. Biocides increase food supplies and lower
food costs.
2. Biocides increase profits for farmers.
3. Pesticides work faster and better than
natural alternatives.
4. Insignificant health risk as compared with
their benefits.

14.  Pose significant risk to human health
 Significant adverse effects on the natural
environment .Anti-fouling paints, especially
those utilizing organic tin compounds such
as TBT
 Severe and long-lasting impacts on marine
eco-systems

17. 1. Preservation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic
products
Preservatives includes
 Benzalkonium chloride
 Benzyl alcohol
 Parabens ( used in cosmetics)

18. Biocides used for the production of
 Acne products
 Mouth washes
 Throat lozenges
 Sprays
 And number of tea tree oils

19. Biocides used to sterilize endoscopes
biocides including
 Glutaraldehyde
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Peracetic acid

20.  Biocides are used to kill the germs and to
prevent the algae formation in pool water
e.g.
quaternary ammonium compounds

21. Biocides are essential in our everyday lives for the
purposes of
 prevention and protection. They are subject to
their own set of regulations and should not be
confused with medicinal drugs , used to treat the
human body, or with plant protection
products,used directly on crops.
 If possible, biocide use should be avoided. If
there is a logical reason to use biocides in a
specific case, then care must be taken to insure
that the biocide will be effective and that human
exposure to the biocide will be minimized.

22.  European Environment Agency (1998): Europe’s
Environment: The second assessment.
 8 Arail T., Harino H., Ohji M. and Langston W. J.
(Ed.) (2009): Ecotoxicology of antifouling
biocides.
 9 van‘t Hoff J., Wies, Beersma P. (2002):
Rodenticides and the risks of Brodifacoum for
owls.
 10 Giela A., Sharp E.,Taylor M.J. (no year): The
analysis of anticoagulant rodenticides in animal
tissue