Mesoporous materials have pore sizes between 2-50 nm which gives them high surface areas of 400-1000 m2/g. Common types include MCM-41, MCM-48, MCM-50, HMS, and SBA-15. They can be synthesized using hard or soft templating methods. Applications include drug delivery, adsorption, chromatography, catalysis, sensors, and diagnostics due to their chemical stability, large pore volumes, and tunable surface properties.