mudasir malik

2.  What is Battery
 History
 Introduction of electricity
 Sustainable energy
 Types of fuel
 Recent advances in batteries
 Conclusion
 References

3. “Battery is a storage device used for the storage of
chemical energy and for transformation of chemical
energy into electrical energy”

4.  In 1800, Volta invented the first true battery,
which came to be known as the voltaic pile.
The voltaic pile consisted of pairs of copper
and zinc discs piled on top of each other,
separated by a layer of cloth or cardboard
soaked in brine
 The term ‘Volt’ was named in the honor of
Volta

5. voltaic pile

6.  The current era is justified and frequently
referred to the Age of Information
 Recent years have seen the added twist that
users in this era expect to information to be
readily available at all times and at all places
 Energy production and storage have become
key issues concerning our welfare in daily life
 Present challenges for batteries are twofold

7.  In the first place, the increasing demand for
powering systems of portable electronic
devices and zero emission vehicles stimulates
research towards high energy and voltage
system
 In the second system, low cost batteries are
required in order to advance towards smart
electric grids that integrate discontinuous
energy flow from renewable sources
optimizing the performance of clean energy
sources

8. Sustainable Next-Generation Energy Technologies
Sustainability Profile
lasts a long time
does no harm
leaves no change
Solar electricity: a fully sustainable energy chain
breakthroughs needed
lower cost, higher efficiency photovoltaics
third generation materials and nanostructures
electricity storage

9. Electrify Transportation
Sustainability Profile
lasts a long time
does no harm
leaves no change
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
e
-
H2
H2O
O2 tesla motors
renewable
electricity
production
renewable
hydrogen
production
breakthroughs needed
x2-5 higher energy density in batteries
catalysts, membranes and electrodes in fuel
electric motor
replaces
gasoline engine
battery
fuel cell
hydrogen
storage

10.  Two ways to supply electricity- from a battery
and ultimately the grid, and from a fuel cell
with local supply of hydrogen
 The electric motor is typically > 90% efficient,
compared to 25%-30% for gasoline engines
 Sustainabilty profile depends entirely on
production method – the electric car itself is
fully sustainable

11. gas CH4
oil CH2
coal CH0.8
heat useful
work
combustioncommodity materials
disposable fuels
sustainable energy requires controlling complex,
functional, high tech materials and chemistry
traditional energy
sunlight
wind
Water and
geothermal
biomass
electricity
biofuels
useful
work
direct
conversion
sustainable energy
Sustainable Energy is High Tech Materials and Chemistry
high tech materials and chemistry
e.g., photovoltaics, electrodes,
superconductors, catalysts

12. Replace Conventional Oil
cellulosic biofuel: recycles carbon dioxide
solar fuel without biology: thermo- or photo-chemistry
oil sands and shale, coal to liquid:  50% more carbon dioxide
 more pollutants
recycles CO2
cellulosic biofuel
solar chemical fuel
lasts a long time
does no harm
leaves no change
oil sands and shale
coal to liquid
lasts a long time
does no harm
leaves no change
switchgrass ethanol plant
breakthroughs needed
cellulosic breakdown to sugar fuel
chemistry of carbon dioxide to fuel

13.  The battery hasn't advanced in decades. But
we're on the verge of a power revolution
 Big technology companies and now car
companies that are making electric vehicles
 Tech companies and car manufacturers are
pumping money into battery development
And with races like Formula E adding pressure
to improve, that technology is only going to get
greater

15.  Because of the huge availability of sodium, its
low price and similarity of both Li and Na
insertion chemistries
 In spite of lower energy density and voltage of
Na –ion based technologies they can be focused
on the applications, where the weight and
footprint requirement is less drastic such as
grid storage
 Much work has to be done in the field of Na-
ion in order to catch up with Li –ion technology

16.  Cathodic and anodic materials must be
optimized and new electrolytes will be key
point for Na-ion success
 This battery uses a standard that means it can
be placed in laptops and even work in electric
cars like the Tesla Model S
 The 6.5cm battery can manage 90 watt-hours
per kilogram, making it comparable to lithium-
ion but with a 2000 cycle lifespan, which
should be improved

17.  Lithium-ion batteries rely on an electrolyte
liquid to transport charged particles between
the two electrodes. It's this liquid that can be
flammable and which degrades the battery
limiting life
 Battery can operate at super capacitor levels to
completely charge or discharge in just seven
minutes - making it ideal for cars. Since it's
solid state that also means it's far more stable
and safer than current batteries

18.  The solid-state unit should also be able to work
in as low as minus 30 degrees Celsius and up to
one hundred
 The electrolyte materials still pose challenges
so don't expect to see these in cars soon, but it's
a step in the right direction towards safer,
faster charging batteries

19.  This alternative type of battery to that Lithium
ion battery that uses sand to achieve three
times better performance than current efforts
 The battery is still lithium-ion like that found in
your smartphone, but it uses sand instead of
graphite in the anodes. This means it's not only
three times better performing but it's also low
cost, non toxic and environmentally friendly

20.  Gives 1,100 mile drive on a charge
 This uses oxygen naturally occurring in the air
to fill its cathode
 This drain turning the metal into aluminium
hydroxide which can be recycled
Water dew powered batteries
 The device uses interleaved flat metal plates to
produce power from the water dew in the air
 15 picowatts

21.  Nanowires, a thousand times thinner than a
human hair
 Can withstand plenty of recharging, the result
could be future batteries that don't die
 Ideal for future electric cars, spacecraft and
phones that will never need new batteries
Magnesium batteries
 Smaller, more densely packed units that won't
need shielding

22.  One company has developed a new battery
called Grabat that could offer electric cars a
driving range of up to 500 miles on a charge
 The capacity of the 2.3V Grabat is huge with
around 1000 Wh/kg which compares to
lithium ion's current 180 Wh/kg
Upp hydrogen fuel cell charger
 It uses hydrogen to power your phone
keeping you off the gird and remaining
environmentally friendly

23.  One hydrogen cell will provide five full
charges of a mobile phone (25Wh capacity per
cell
 A USB type A socket means it will charge most
USB devices with a 5V, 5W, 1000mA output
Transparent solar charger
 Alcatel has demoed a mobile phone with a
transparent solar panel over the screen that
would let users charge their phone by simply
placing it in the sun

24. Conclusion
nanoscience
computer
modeling
complex
materials
controlling
materials and chemistries
in ultra-small and ultra-fast regimes
We are at the dawn of a new era
• build materials with atom-by-atom chemical precision
• predict behavior of materials that have not been made
• design new materials and chemistries for specific tasks
to meet all the challenges
breakthroughs to next-generation
sustainable energy technologies are within reach

25. References
 Secure Energy Future, 2002
 Hydrogen Economy, 2003
 Solar Energy Utilization, 2005
 Superconductivity, 2006
 Solid-state Lighting, 2006
 Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, 2006
 Clean and Efficient Combustion of Fuels, 2006
 Electrical Energy Storage, 2007
 Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century
Energy Systems, 2007
 Catalysis for Energy, 2007
 Materials Under Extreme Environments, 2007
 Directing Matter and Energy: Five Grand
Challenges for Science and the Imagination, 2007
 New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future, 2008