Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, progressive disease that affects the central nervous system through demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord. It usually develops between the ages of 15-50 and affects women more than men. The cause is unknown but is likely related to genetic and environmental factors. Symptoms vary between individuals and can include motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and MRI evidence of lesions in the brain and spinal cord. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing relapse.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system which includes brain and spinal cord.
it affect the myelin and by damaging the the myelin producing cell -Oligodendrocytes, which leads to sensory, motor and cognitive problems.
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of central nervous system which includes brain and spinal cord.
it affect the myelin and by damaging the the myelin producing cell -Oligodendrocytes, which leads to sensory, motor and cognitive problems.
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, trouble talking, and trouble walking.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, trouble talking, and trouble walking.
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Managementericss1234_msvn
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Management. Presented by Tricia Pagnotta, MSN, ARNP, CNRN, MSCN at the MS Views and News Education Seminar Maitland, Fl on April 2013
A wonderful and interesting presentation on Multiple Sclerosis! It includes videos, pictures and great insight into the possible cure for MS. I truly hope whoever downloads it enjoys it as much as I do. Blessings!
Brain MRI biomarkers for improved follow up of people with Multiple Sclerosis...Wim Van Hecke
MRI is increasingly used for the diagnosis and follow-up of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, there is a need for objective MRI biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice. This is now possible. By sending MRI data to a icometrix, reliable and objective reports of brain atrophy and lesion load can be obtained.
This presentation is a comprehensive & updated presentation that delves deeply into Multiple Sclerosis. It is intended for healthcare professionals and features the Anatomy and Physiology, Common Etiology, a focused review of the disease Pathophysiology, Prevalence & Morbidity, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostics, Classification & Prognosis, Treatment (Both current and experimental), Nutrition, and Psychosocial issues and resources available to patients. It is very rich in details, diagrams (on every slide), and interactive content when in slide presentation mode. The presentation has also hyperlinks to videos (3 D Patho) and controversial treatments. Finally, it concludes with a Case Study to highlight the clinical application.
Please note that you're welcome to use any slides as long as you reference my post when you do so to maintain the integrity of authorship
If interested in detailed answers, please email: aamirdash@yahoo.com
Thanks, Ahmad
A brief description about Demyelination topics by Dr Sabu Augustine for MBBS Students in Medical school.
References from textbooks and other presentations.
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Multiple sclerosis ..its about brain
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
GBS means Guillain Barre syndrome a disease of neurological system. It often begins with tingling sensation and weakens from the legs and radiating to upper body and arms. there is no known cure for GBS, but treatments can improve symptoms and shorten its duration.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
2. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
• Chronic, progressive, degenerativeChronic, progressive, degenerative
disorder of the CNS characterized bydisorder of the CNS characterized by
disseminated demyelination of nervedisseminated demyelination of nerve
fibers of the brain and spinal cordfibers of the brain and spinal cord
3. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
• Usually affects young to middle- agedUsually affects young to middle- aged
adults, with onset between 15 and 50adults, with onset between 15 and 50
years of ageyears of age
• Women affected more than menWomen affected more than men
5. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
EtiologyEtiology
• Possible precipitating factors includePossible precipitating factors include
InfectionInfection
Physical injuryPhysical injury
Emotional stressEmotional stress
Excessive fatigueExcessive fatigue
PregnancyPregnancy
Poor state of healthPoor state of health
6. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
PathophysiologyPathophysiology
• Mylelin sheathMylelin sheath
• Segmented lamination that wrapsSegmented lamination that wraps
axons of many nerve cellsaxons of many nerve cells
• Increases velocity of nerve impulseIncreases velocity of nerve impulse
conduction in the axonsconduction in the axons
• Composed of myelin, a substance withComposed of myelin, a substance with
high lipid contenthigh lipid content
7. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
PathophysiologyPathophysiology
• Characterized by chronic inflammation,Characterized by chronic inflammation,
demyelination, and gliosis (scarring) indemyelination, and gliosis (scarring) in
the CNSthe CNS
• Initially triggered by a virus inInitially triggered by a virus in
genetically susceptible individualsgenetically susceptible individuals
• Subsequent antigen-antibody reactionSubsequent antigen-antibody reaction
leads to demyelination of axonsleads to demyelination of axons
9. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
PathophysiologyPathophysiology
• Disease process consists of loss of myelin,Disease process consists of loss of myelin,
disappearance of oligodendrocytes, anddisappearance of oligodendrocytes, and
proliferation of astrocytesproliferation of astrocytes
• Changes result in plaque formation withChanges result in plaque formation with
plaques scattered throughout the CNSplaques scattered throughout the CNS
10. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
PathophysiologyPathophysiology
• Initially the myelin sheaths of theInitially the myelin sheaths of the
neurons in the brain and spinal cord areneurons in the brain and spinal cord are
attacked, but the nerve fiber is notattacked, but the nerve fiber is not
affectedaffected
• Patient may complain of noticeablePatient may complain of noticeable
impairment of functionimpairment of function
• Myelin can regenerate, and symptomsMyelin can regenerate, and symptoms
disappear, resulting in a remissiondisappear, resulting in a remission
11. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Etiology and PathophysiologyEtiology and Pathophysiology
• Myelin can be replaced by glial scarMyelin can be replaced by glial scar
tissuetissue
• Without myelin, nerve impulses slowWithout myelin, nerve impulses slow
downdown
• With destruction of axons, impulses areWith destruction of axons, impulses are
totally blockedtotally blocked
• Results in permanent loss of nerveResults in permanent loss of nerve
functionfunction
12. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Vague symptoms occur intermittentlyVague symptoms occur intermittently
over months and yearsover months and years
• MS may not be diagnosed until long afterMS may not be diagnosed until long after
the onset of the first symptomthe onset of the first symptom
13. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Characterized byCharacterized by
• Chronic, progressive deterioration inChronic, progressive deterioration in
somesome
• Remissions and exacerbations in othersRemissions and exacerbations in others
14. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Common signs and symptoms includeCommon signs and symptoms include
motor, sensory, cerebellar, and emotionalmotor, sensory, cerebellar, and emotional
problemsproblems
15. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Motor manifestationsMotor manifestations
• Weakness or paralysis of limbs, trunk,
and head
• Diplopia (double vision)
• Scanning speech
• Spasticity of muscles
16. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
• Sensory manifestationsSensory manifestations
• Numbness and tinglingNumbness and tingling
• Blurred visionBlurred vision
• Vertigo and tinnitusVertigo and tinnitus
• Decreased hearingDecreased hearing
• Chronic neuropathic painChronic neuropathic pain
19. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Other Clinical ManifestationsOther Clinical Manifestations
• Bowel and bladder functionsBowel and bladder functions
• ConstipationConstipation
• Spastic bladder: small capacity forSpastic bladder: small capacity for
urine results in incontinenceFlaccidurine results in incontinenceFlaccid
bladder: large capacity for urine andbladder: large capacity for urine and
no sensation to urinateno sensation to urinate
20. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Other Clinical ManifestationsOther Clinical Manifestations
• Sexual dysfunctionSexual dysfunction
Erectile dysfunctionErectile dysfunction
Decreased libidoDecreased libido
Difficulty with orgasmic responseDifficulty with orgasmic response
Painful intercoursePainful intercourse
Decreased lubricationDecreased lubrication
21. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Diagnostic StudiesDiagnostic Studies
• Based primarily on history, clinicalBased primarily on history, clinical
manifestations, and presence of multiplemanifestations, and presence of multiple
lesions over time measured by MRIlesions over time measured by MRI
• Certain laboratory tests are used asCertain laboratory tests are used as
adjuncts to clinical examadjuncts to clinical exam
22. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Diagnostic StudiesDiagnostic Studies
• Diagnosis based primarily on:Diagnosis based primarily on:
• history and clinical manifestationshistory and clinical manifestations
• ruling out other causes of symptomsruling out other causes of symptoms
• No definitive diagnostic testNo definitive diagnostic test
• MRI – demonstrates presence of plaquesMRI – demonstrates presence of plaques
23. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Collaborative CareCollaborative Care
Drug TherapyDrug Therapy
• CorticosteroidsCorticosteroids
• Treat acute exacerbations by reducing
edema and inflammation at the site of
demyelination
• Do not affect the ultimate outcome or
degree of residual neurologic impairment
from exacerbation
24. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Collaborative CareCollaborative Care
• Immunosuppressive Therapy
• Because MS is considered an autoimmune
disease
• Potential benefits counterbalanced against
potentially serious side effects
26. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Collaborative CareCollaborative Care
• Physical therapy helpsPhysical therapy helps
Relieve spasticityRelieve spasticity
Increase coordinationIncrease coordination
Train the patient to substituteTrain the patient to substitute
unaffected muscles for impaired onesunaffected muscles for impaired ones
27. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Collaborative CareCollaborative Care
• Nutritional therapy includesNutritional therapy includes
megavitamins and diets consisting of low-megavitamins and diets consisting of low-
fat, gluten-free food, and raw vegetablesfat, gluten-free food, and raw vegetables
• High-protein diet with supplementaryHigh-protein diet with supplementary
vitamins is often prescribedvitamins is often prescribed
29. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
• Impaired physical mobilityImpaired physical mobility
• Dressing/grooming self-care deficitDressing/grooming self-care deficit
• Risk for impaired skin integrityRisk for impaired skin integrity
• Impaired urinary elimination patternImpaired urinary elimination pattern
• Sexual dysfunctionSexual dysfunction
• Interrupted family processesInterrupted family processes
30. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Nursing PlanningNursing Planning
• Maximize neuromuscular functionMaximize neuromuscular function
• Maintain independence in activities ofMaintain independence in activities of
daily living for as long as possibledaily living for as long as possible
• Optimize psychosocial well-beingOptimize psychosocial well-being
• Adjust to the illnessAdjust to the illness
• Reduce factors that precipitateReduce factors that precipitate
exacerbationsexacerbations
31. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Nursing ImplementationNursing Implementation
• Help identify triggers and develop waysHelp identify triggers and develop ways
to avoid them or minimize their effectsto avoid them or minimize their effects
• Reassure patient during diagnostic phaseReassure patient during diagnostic phase
• Assist in dealing with anxiety caused byAssist in dealing with anxiety caused by
diagnosisdiagnosis
• Prevent major complications ofPrevent major complications of
immobilityimmobility
32. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Nursing ImplementationNursing Implementation
• Focus teaching on building generalFocus teaching on building general
resistance to illnessresistance to illness
Avoiding fatigue, extremes of hot and
cold, exposure to infection
• Teach good balance of exercise and rest,Teach good balance of exercise and rest,
nutrition, avoidance of hazards ofnutrition, avoidance of hazards of
immobilityimmobility
33. Multiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis
Nursing ImplementationNursing Implementation
• Teach self-catheterization if necessaryTeach self-catheterization if necessary
• Teach adequate intake of fiber to aid inTeach adequate intake of fiber to aid in
regular bowel habitsregular bowel habits