Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system by destroying myelin sheaths surrounding neurons. It is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults. The exact cause is unknown but is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors. There are several types but most common is relapsing-remitting MS where periods of relapse with new or worsening symptoms are followed by periods of remission. Diagnosis involves MRI, lumbar puncture, and evoked potential tests. While there is no cure, treatments aim to reduce frequency and severity of relapses and manage symptoms. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms like bladder dysfunction, fatigue, mobility issues, and providing emotional support.
this article discusses about coronary artery disease, its symptoms, presentations, risk factors, pathophysiology in short and primary prevention. this article is intended to present to a group of physicians in various disciplines other than cardiology.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in
which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary
arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle.
When plaque builds up in the arteries, the
condition is called atherosclerosis
(ATH-er-o-skler-O-sis). The buildup of plaque occurs over many years. Over time, plaque can harden or rupture
(break open). Hardened plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces the
flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. If
the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form on its surface. A large blood clot
can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery. Over time,
ruptured plaque also hardens and narrows the coronary arteries. If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your
heart muscle is reduced or blocked, angina
(an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) or a heart attack
can occur.
Angina is chest pain or discomfort. It may
feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your
shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like
indigestion.
A heart attack occurs if the flow of
oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle is cut off. If blood flow isn’t
restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die. Without quick
treatment, a heart attack can lead to serious health problems or death.
this article discusses about coronary artery disease, its symptoms, presentations, risk factors, pathophysiology in short and primary prevention. this article is intended to present to a group of physicians in various disciplines other than cardiology.
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in
which a waxy substance called plaque (plak) builds up inside the coronary
arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle.
When plaque builds up in the arteries, the
condition is called atherosclerosis
(ATH-er-o-skler-O-sis). The buildup of plaque occurs over many years. Over time, plaque can harden or rupture
(break open). Hardened plaque narrows the coronary arteries and reduces the
flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. If
the plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form on its surface. A large blood clot
can mostly or completely block blood flow through a coronary artery. Over time,
ruptured plaque also hardens and narrows the coronary arteries. If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your
heart muscle is reduced or blocked, angina
(an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) or a heart attack
can occur.
Angina is chest pain or discomfort. It may
feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your
shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even feel like
indigestion.
A heart attack occurs if the flow of
oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle is cut off. If blood flow isn’t
restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die. Without quick
treatment, a heart attack can lead to serious health problems or death.
Coronary artery Disease [CAD] is the most common , serious, chronic life threatening diseases in the USA.
More than 11 million Persons have CAD in USA.
Myocardial Ischemia [Reduced blood & oxygen supply to Heart Muscle ], Caused by
Lack of oxygen due to Inadequate perfusion which result from an Imbalance
Between oxygen supply & Demand.
Nusing Management of CAD Symposia (French) presented at Hôpital Sacré Coeur in Milot, Haiti.
CRUDEM’s Education Committee (a subcommittee of the Board of Directors) sponsors one-week medical symposia on specific medical topics, i.e. diabetes, infectious disease. The classes are held at Hôpital Sacré Coeur and doctors and nurses come from all over Haiti to attend.
Prevention and treatment of heart diseaseshanikrupa
Shanikrupaheartcare is the best hospital to cure all types of heart disease. Shanikrupaheartcare also helps to Avoid bypass surgery in India we are proving this treatments in Pune, India.
Our AIM is non surgical cardiac treatment where we use 3 Dimentional Cardiovascular Cartography for diagnosis of disease & Arterial Clearance Therapy / chelation therapy & EECP therapy for the treatment of the heart disease.
Points to Remember About Myocardial infarctionvarinder kumar
What is acute myocardial infarction?
What are the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction\
What causes acute myocardial infarction
Who is at risk for acute myocardial infarction
How is acute myocardial infarction diagnosed
Acute myocardial infarction prevention
Beta blockers
Coronary artery Disease [CAD] is the most common , serious, chronic life threatening diseases in the USA.
More than 11 million Persons have CAD in USA.
Myocardial Ischemia [Reduced blood & oxygen supply to Heart Muscle ], Caused by
Lack of oxygen due to Inadequate perfusion which result from an Imbalance
Between oxygen supply & Demand.
Nusing Management of CAD Symposia (French) presented at Hôpital Sacré Coeur in Milot, Haiti.
CRUDEM’s Education Committee (a subcommittee of the Board of Directors) sponsors one-week medical symposia on specific medical topics, i.e. diabetes, infectious disease. The classes are held at Hôpital Sacré Coeur and doctors and nurses come from all over Haiti to attend.
Prevention and treatment of heart diseaseshanikrupa
Shanikrupaheartcare is the best hospital to cure all types of heart disease. Shanikrupaheartcare also helps to Avoid bypass surgery in India we are proving this treatments in Pune, India.
Our AIM is non surgical cardiac treatment where we use 3 Dimentional Cardiovascular Cartography for diagnosis of disease & Arterial Clearance Therapy / chelation therapy & EECP therapy for the treatment of the heart disease.
Points to Remember About Myocardial infarctionvarinder kumar
What is acute myocardial infarction?
What are the symptoms of acute myocardial infarction\
What causes acute myocardial infarction
Who is at risk for acute myocardial infarction
How is acute myocardial infarction diagnosed
Acute myocardial infarction prevention
Beta blockers
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Managementericss1234_msvn
Understanding, Diagnosing, and Classifying MS Symptom Management. Presented by Tricia Pagnotta, MSN, ARNP, CNRN, MSCN at the MS Views and News Education Seminar Maitland, Fl on April 2013
A wonderful and interesting presentation on Multiple Sclerosis! It includes videos, pictures and great insight into the possible cure for MS. I truly hope whoever downloads it enjoys it as much as I do. Blessings!
Here is very good and amazing presentation on Multiple sclerosis ..its about brain
read this carefully and work on this because the work on brain is very good for future research...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). In MS , the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
3. INTRODUCTION
It is an Auto Immune Disease which is when the body
starts to destroy itself.
It is a life-long disease with no cure.
In MS, the body attacks and destroys the fatty tissue
called myelin that insulates an axon/nerve, and is called
demyelination.
If damage is severe it can also destroy the nerve/axon
itself.
4. CONT ..
MS affects the central nervous system and inflames
the white matter in the brain which creates plaques.
White matter is below the top layer of our brain and
spinal cord. Plaques block a signal from being passed
from the body to the spinal cord and brain.
Currently in the US, 250,000-300,000 people have
been diagnosed with MS and there are 200 new cases
diagnosed every week.
5. INCIDENCE
Women makes up 70-75 % cases of MS
Whites are commonly affected
Age of onset ranges from 10 to 50 yrs .the distribution
is bimodal ,with one peak at in mid 20s and other at mid
40s.
6. DEFINITION
• Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease
that affect the myelin sheath of neurons of central
nervous system.
13. Damaging effects
Demyelination
Demyelination also plays an
important role with repeated attack
less affective demyelination
Multiple lesions are produced in the
CNS
Multiple lesions are produced in
the CNS
20. TYPES OF MS
I. Relapsing –remitting MS
II. Primary – progressive MS
III. Secondary – progressive MS
IV. Progressive – relapsing MS
V. Benign MS
VI. Malignant or fulminant MS
23. RELAPSING-REMITTING
• Describes the initial course of 85 % to 90% of
individual with MS
• Characterized by unpredictable relapses followed by
periods of months to years of recovery
• Deficit suffered during the attacks may either
resolve or may be permanent
• When deficits always resolve between attacks this is
referred to as benign MS
24. CONT.
2 Primary progressive MS
• Gradual progression
• Superimposed relapse
• No remission
3 Secondary progressive MS
• It is characterized by gradual deterioration with or with out
acute relapse
• Initially remission and then gradually progress
• Neurological symptoms
• Cognitive functions worsens
25. CONT..
4 Progressive relapsing
• From the onset, gradual progression of disability
• Continuous disease progression
• Significant recovery immediately following a relapse
• Between relapses there is a gradual worsening of
symptoms
27. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• HISTORY
• viral infection
• precipitating factors
• family history
• signs and symptoms
• Sexual history
• mental status examination
• cranial nerve examination
• motor deficit
• sensory examination
• Cerebellar functions
37. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
• Intrathecal baclofen via surgically implantable pump
• Adductor tenotomy
• Dorsal rhizotomy
• Surgical diversion for urinary incontinence , retention
etc.
• Plastic surgery to cure decubitus ulcer
• No surgical intervention to alter the disease course of
MS.
38. NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Impaired urinary elimination R/T bladder dysfunction
• Fluid intake should be maintained at 2L/day
• Avoid fluid intake after evening meals
• Voiding to be attempted at every 3 hrs when
awake
• If voiding not successful-intermittent
catheterization
• Teach self catheterization
39. CONTD..
• Constipation R/T immobility and demyelination
high fiber diet ,bulk formers ,stool softners
Fluid intake ,2L/day
Laxatives and enemas to be AVOIDED because it
cause dependence
A bowel program to be performed
Rectal evacuation by glcerin ,bisacodyl
suppositories ,digital stimulation
40. CONTD..
• Activity intolerance R/T fatigue and muscle weakness
Assist client in planning his activities at his peak
energy level ,which is usually the morning
Periods of rest through out he day to be planned
Collaboration with physical and occupational
therapist helps a lot .Drug amantadine may help to
reduce fatigue
41. CONTD..
• Impaired physical mobility R/T weakness, contractures ,spasticity ,
ataxia
Spastic muscles can be stretched at least twice a day through
their full range of motion
Correct body alignment to prevent contractures
Use of splints is helpful
Ataxia and tremor lessened by small weights applied to distal
extremities
42. CONTD..
• Risk for self care deficit R/T muscle weakness
Client may require aids like wheel chairs ,or canes to perform
ADL and to ambulate
Teach client to use ADL aids
Table tops are adjusted at comfortable heights
Work in combination with physical therapist ,occupational
therapist and social worker
43. REFERENCES
• Ellen barker ; neurosciences nursing ; 2nd edition ; pg 685 –
718
• Joyce M Black ; medical surgical nursing ; 7th edition ; pg
2177-2189
• burner medical surgical nursing ;5th edition p.g. 1765- 17
• www . wikipedia .com