ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It causes the motor neurons to gradually degenerate and die, resulting in muscle weakness and atrophy. Over time, this leads to increasing paralysis as more motor neurons are damaged. While the exact causes are unknown, excitotoxicity from glutamate and mutations in genes like SOD1 are thought to be involved in the neurodegeneration. The main treatment is riluzole, which extends life by a few months. Other therapies focus on managing symptoms and maintaining function and quality of life for as long as possible. Regular dental care is important for oral health and to reduce risks of pneumonia. Adaptations may be needed to accommodate physical
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AKA "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AKA "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.
This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
Extrapyramidal symptoms. ... These symptoms include dystonia (continuous spasms and muscle contractions), akathisia (motor restlessness), parkinsonism (characteristic symptoms such as rigidity), bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and tremor, and tardive dyskinesia (irregular, jerky movements).
This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Dystonia is a movement disorder in which a person's muscles contract uncontrollably. The contraction causes the affected body part to twist involuntarily, resulting in repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Dystonia can affect one muscle, a muscle group, or the entire body.
Extrapyramidal symptoms. ... These symptoms include dystonia (continuous spasms and muscle contractions), akathisia (motor restlessness), parkinsonism (characteristic symptoms such as rigidity), bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and tremor, and tardive dyskinesia (irregular, jerky movements).
neurobiology of brain and everyday behavioursakshipalod04
This is the final project for the course neurobiology of brain and behaviour. This consists analysis of the neurodegenerative disease- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL)
Motor neuron disease is a rare disease it doesn't have any cure here in this video I have tried playing what is mnd its types causes how to diagnose and its management plan
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. What is ALS?
Progressive neurodegenerative
disease in which the motor
neurons gradually degenerates
and after some time, they
eventually die.
3. Upper Motor Neuron -
evolving from layer five of
motor cortex to descend
via the pyramidal tract to
synapse with motor neuron
Lower Motor Neuron -consisting of
anterior horn cells in spinal cord
and their brainstem homologues
innervating bulbar muscle.
Loss of function in:
*Although at its onset, ALS may involve selective loss of function of only upper or lower motor neurons,
it ultimately causes progressive loos of both categories of motor neurons.
4. MOTOR NEURONS
Motor neuron is a type of
nerve that can be found in
the spinal cord, brain, and
brain stem. It provides a
connection between
voluntary muscle of the
body and nervous system
5. Causes Movement will not be
supported
Muscle weakens and
becomes thinner, inability to
control movement
Motor neurons
get affected
No action
potential
In ALS, MN get affected and so messages
cannot be initiated or transferred to the
muscles, this means movement will not
be supported in the muscles leads to
weakness of the muscles and they also
get thinner.
-As the condition reaches its later stages,
more and more MN are damaged and
more voluntary muscles fail to function
then a person will be unable to move
their limbs and body eventually leads to
complete paralysis
7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
It is unknown why the motor neuron
degenerate in ALS but researchers suggested
certain possibilities which are:
1. EXCITOTOXICITY
2. GENE MUTATION
9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• GENE MUTATION –
SOD1 (superoxide
dismutase) is mutated in
some familial cases of
ALS. SOD1 which is a
cellular defense against
excitotoxicity which
detoxifies free radicals.
15. Late stage
• Dementia
•Respiratory failure
•Aspiration pneumonia
•Occulomotor nerve of extra ocular muscle
is affected
•May resemble locked in syndrome
25. Why keep the mouth clean?
-Maintain comfort
-Reduce halitosis
-Reduce risk for gum disease, which can further
endanger your health
-Reduce the risk of pneumonia (infection in the
lungs from bacteria in the mouth)
-Help manage saliva which can reduce drooling or
stimulate saliva flow
26. Physical changes that may occur with ALS might make it
difficult to keep the mouth clean. These include
1. Changes in hand/arm function
2. Changes in function of the mouth, lips, cheeks, and
tongue
3. Changes in function of the swallowing muscles
4. Changes in mobility
5. Changes in breathing
About 90-95% of ALS occur randomly and no apparent associated risk factor has been discovered yet
5-10% are inherited at birth
first see the effects of the disease in a hand or arm as they experience difficulty with simple tasks such as buttoning a shirt, writing, or turning a key in a lock. In other cases, symptoms initially affect one of the legs, and people experience awkwardness when walking or running or they notice that they are tripping or stumbling more often.
M.N shrink and disappear, so that the muscles no longer receive signals to move. As a result, the muscles become smaller and weaker. Gradually the body becomes paralyzed, which means that the muscles no longer work.
Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain, it is responsible for sending signals b/n nerve cells.
Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a condition in which a patient is aware but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes.one of its causes is als
Glutamate for learning and memory
Rilutek (riluzole) is an approved drug for the treatment of ALS. How it works is not exactly known, but it seems to prevent the damage that can result from the nerve cell being overexcited by glutamate. Studies have shown it may improve functioning and survival.
Regular exercise can also help improve your sense of well-being. Appropriate stretching can help prevent pain and help your muscles function at their best.
Because ALS affects the muscles you use to speak, communication becomes an issue as the disease progresses. A speech therapist can teach you adaptive techniques to make your speech more clearly understood. a speech therapist can recommend devices such as tablet computers with text-to-speech applications or computer-based equipment with synthesized speech that may help you communicate.
Hold a toothbrush and brush with it ..Turn a faucet on and off..Squeeze toothpaste from a tube.. Hold floss and move it between teeth..Open a container of mouthwash..Hold a cup to use for rinsing..Use a towel to wipe the mouth..Put dentures in and/or take them out
Clear food stuck in the mouth after swallowing a bite..Spit after brushing..Swish or hold water/mouthwash in mouth...Close mouth to avoid drooling.. Keep inside of mouth moistened
Clear mouth of saliva..Eat/drink to help stimulate saliva
Receive care in a traditional dental clinic exam chair..Perform daily oral care while sitting upright
Keep mouth moist during use of breathing equipment (such as a BiPAP®)..Close mouth to avoid drooling
Toothpaste dispenser (pump or hands-free)
Dental wipes
Oral irrigator (ex. WaterPik®, Water Flosser, Interplak® Water Jet)
Electric toothbrush
Floss holder
Tongue scraper
Dry mouth oral rinse
Mouth Swabs (ex. Toothette®- for moisture relief)
Portable oral suction device
Suction toothbrush (ex. Plak-Vak®)
Other adaptive equipment (ask for an evaluation by an Occupational Therapist)
Bite block bec of the paralysis of the mouth to keep mouth open
45degrees
drooling
To avoid spasticity and muscle weakness
-Continue visits to the dentist once every six months
-Update your medical history with the dentist’s office
-Discuss physical accommodations with the dentist’s office, For instance, can the dental office space accommodate a wheelchair?
-make short appointments