HackYourFuture is a not-for-profit coding school for refugees and other people that have limited access to education and the labor market.
Currently active in the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium and Denmark, HackYourFuture believes in a world where education and quality jobs are accessible for all.
Digital Image Processing (Lab 1)
Course Objectives: To learn the fundamental concepts of Digital Image Processing and to study basic image processing operations.
HackYourFuture is a not-for-profit coding school for refugees and other people that have limited access to education and the labor market.
Currently active in the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium and Denmark, HackYourFuture believes in a world where education and quality jobs are accessible for all.
Digital Image Processing (Lab 1)
Course Objectives: To learn the fundamental concepts of Digital Image Processing and to study basic image processing operations.
CNC programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) is utilized by manufacturers to create program instructions for computers to control a machine tool. CNC is highly involved in the manufacturing process and improves automation as well as flexibility.
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle:
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread
cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret
lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic
screw type – multi spindle:
UNIT III SHAPER, MILLING AND GEAR CUTTING MACHINESKarthik R
Shaper - Types of operations. Drilling ,reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling
cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing
and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.
Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting
tools– nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear,
tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur Gear terminology and
definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio – Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion gears
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur Gear terminology and
definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio – Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion gears
Law of toothed gearing – Involutes and cycloidal tooth profiles –Spur Gear terminology and
definitions –Gear tooth action – contact ratio – Interference and undercutting. Helical, Bevel, Worm, Rack and Pinion gears
Properties of air – Perfect Gas Laws – Compressor – Filters, Regulator, Lubricator, Muffler, Air
control Valves, Quick Exhaust Valves, Pneumatic actuators, Design of Pneumatic circuit – Cascade method – Electro Pneumatic System – Elements – Ladder diagram – Problems,
Introduction to fluidics and pneumatic logic
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
1. NC and CNC machines and Control Programming
Introduction to NC and CNC machines
CNC controls and RS274 programming
2. History of CNC
1949
US Air Force asks MIT to develop a "numerically controlled"
machine.
1952
Prototype NC machine demonstrated (punched tape input)
1980-
CNC machines (computer used to link directly to controller)
1990-
DNC: external computer “drip feeds” control programmer
to machine tool controller
3. Motivation and uses
To manufacture complex curved geometries in 2D or 3D
was extremely expensive by mechanical means (which
usually would require complex jigs to control the cutter
motions)
Machining components with repeatable accuracy
Unmanned machining operations
4. Advantages of CNC
- Easier to program;
- Easy storage of existing programs;
- Easy to change a program
- Avoids human errors
- NC machines are safer to operate
- Complex geometry is produced as cheaply as simple ones
- Usually generates closer tolerances than manual machines
7. Horizontal Milling machine architecture
Conventional milling machines
How does the table move along X- Y- and Z- axes ?
8. NC machines
Motion control is done by: servo-controlled motors
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9. CNC terminology
BLU: basic length unit
smallest programmable move of each axis.
Controller: (Machine Control Unit, MCU)
Electronic and computerized interface between operator and m/c
Controller components:
1. Data Processing Unit (DPU)
2. Control-Loops Unit (CLU)
10. Controller components
Data Processing Unit:
Input device [RS-232 port/ Tape Reader/ Punched Tape Reader]
Data Reading Circuits and Parity Checking Circuits
Decoders to distribute data to the axes controllers.
Control Loops Unit:
Interpolator to supply machine-motion commands between data points
Position control loop hardware for each axis of motion
11. Types of CNC machines
Based on Motion Type:
Point-to-Point or Continuous path
Based on Control Loops:
Open loop or Closed loop
Based on Power Supply:
Electric or Hydraulic or Pneumatic
Based on Positioning System
Incremental or Absolute
13. Open loop control of a Point-to-Point NC drilling machine
NOTE: this machine uses stepper motor control
14. Components of Servo-motor controlled CNC
Motor speed control
Two types of encoder configurations
Motor lead screw rotation table moves
position sensed by encoder
feedback
15. Motion Control and feedback
Encoder outputs: electrical pulses (e.g. 500 pulses per revolution)
Rotation of the motor linear motion of the table: by the leadscrew
The pitch of the leadscrew: horizontal distance between successive threads
One thread in a screw single start screw: Dist moved in 1 rev = pitch
Two threads in screw double start screw: Dist moved in 1 rev = 2* pitch
16. Example 1
A Stepping motor of 20 steps per revolution moves a machine table
through a leadscrew of 0.2 mm pitch.
(a) What is the BLU of the system ?
(b) If the motor receives 2000 pulses per minute, what is the linear
velocity in inch/min ?
17. Example 2
A DC servo-motor is coupled to a leadscrew (pitch 5mm) of a machine table.
A digital encoder, which emits 500 pulses per revolution, is mounted on the
leadscrew. If the motor rotates at 600 rpm, find
(a) The linear velocity of the table
(b) The BLU of the machine
(c) The frequency of pulses emitted by the encoder.
18. Manual NC programming
Part program: A computer program to specify
- Which tool should be loaded on the machine spindle;
- What are the cutting conditions (speed, feed, coolant ON/OFF etc)
- The start point and end point of a motion segment
- how to move the tool with respect to the machine.
Standard Part programming language: RS 274-D (Gerber, GN-code)
19. History of CNC
The RS274-D is a word address format
Each line of program == 1 block
Each block is composed of several instructions, or (words)
Sequence and format of words:
N3 G2 X+1.4 Y+1.4 Z+1.4 I1.4 J1.4 K1.4 F3.2 S4 T4 M2
sequence no
preparatory function
destination coordinates dist to center of circle
feed rate spindle speed
tool
miscellaneous function
24. (4, 4)
(2, 2)
5”
p0
p1
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
4. Cut profile from p1 to p2
N040 G01 X3.875 Y9.125
Linear interpolation
target coordinates
N040 G01 Y9.125
X-coordinate does not change no need to program it
or
31. Automatic part programming and DNC
Very complex part shapes very large NC program
NC controller memory may not handle HUGE part program
computer feeds few blocks of
NC program to controller
When almost all blocks executed,
controller requests more blocks
32. Summary
CNC machines allow precise and repeatable control in machining
CNC lathes, Milling machines, etc. are all controlled by NC programs
NC programs can be generated manually, automatically
Additional references: RS274D code descriptions