NC machine tools are controlled by programmed instructions without a human operator. The NC program contains a set of instructions that controls axis motion. The main components of an NC machine are the part program, programming tape, machine control unit, and machine tool. The MCU reads and interprets the program to control the machine tool's functions like spindle speed, tool positioning, and feed rate. NC machines offer benefits like high accuracy, reduced scrap, and increased productivity compared to conventional machining.
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
Advantages & Limitations of CNC machine tools,Introduction DNC,Component of a DNC system,Principle,Functions of DNC
Types of DNC systems,Comparison between NC, CNC and DNC machine tools
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
Advantages & Limitations of CNC machine tools,Introduction DNC,Component of a DNC system,Principle,Functions of DNC
Types of DNC systems,Comparison between NC, CNC and DNC machine tools
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
Modern Machine Tools:
CNC machines: Introduction, principles of operation,
Types – Vertical machining centres and horizontal machining centres,
major elements, functions, applications,
controllers,
open loop and closed loop systems
Types of automatic machines,
Transfer machines
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, and part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
CNC Programming for Begainer.
1.Easy Mehtod.
2.Complete Theoritical Knowledge.
3.Motion and coordinate system for NC machine.
4.Axes convention of VMC & HMC.
5.How to make Part Programming.
6.Coordinates System.
7.Programming Format.
8.List of G Codes And M Codes.
9.How to Use of Above Codes In Programme.
10.Reference Point and Return of Machine.
Numerical control (NC) machine tools - CNC: types, constructional details, special features - design considerations of CNC machines for improving machining accuracy -structural members - slide ways - linear bearings - ball screws - spindle drives and feed drives.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
2. 2
• Numerically controlled (NC) Machine tool are the machine tool , of which
the various function are controlled by Letters, numbers and symbols
• Nc machine tools run on programme fed to it, without human operator
• Nc programme consist set of instruction or statement for controlling the
motion of the drives of the machine , the motion of cutting tool
Function of NC Machine
starting and stopping of the Machin tool
Controlling the spindle speed
Positioning the tool at desired location and guiding it along the desired path
Controlling the feed rate
Changing the tool
NC Machine Tool
3. Elements of NC Machine
Part Drawing
Machine tool
Programme
Tape
Part program
Machine Control Unit (MCU )
3
4. 4
(1)Part Drawing and Part Programming
• Part programme is set of step by step instruction to the machine tool for
caring out the operation.
• Part program is written by using part Drawing and cutting process parameter
• The set of instruction includes
Instruction position of machine tool spindle with respect to the work table
Instruction for cutting operation
Instruction for selection of spindle speed, cutting tool etc.
Method of Part Programing
I. Manual Part programming
II. Computer aided Part programming
Basic Elements of NC Machine
5. (2) Programme Tape
• Part programme is entered on the programme tape
• The tape is a long wound roll of the one inch with.
• The programme is entered on the tape in the form of punched
holes ,holes punched with the help of punching machine.
• Now a day punchline tape is replaced with magnetic cassetes ,
floppy disc , pen drive , hard drive
Basic Elements of NC Machine
5
6. 6
(3)Machine control unit (MCU)
• MCU is heart of NC/CNC machine which consist of some electronics
hard wear that read the NC programme , interpret it and conversely
translates it for mechanical action of machine tool
• A typical MCU consist following units
Input or tape reader
memory
processor
output channels
control panel
feedback channels
• MCU performs Following functions
• read coded instruction
• Decode coded instruction
• implement interpolation (linier ,circular, and Helical )v to generate axis
motion commands
• feed axis motion command to amplified circuits for driving the axis
mechanism
• Received the signals of position and speed for each drive axis
• implement auxiliary control function such as coolant or spindle on/off , and
tool change .
Basic Elements of NC Machine
7. 7
(4) Machine Tool
• The Machine tool is operated by MCU
• following function may automated by Machine tool
starting and stopping of the machine tool spindle
controlling the spindle speed
Positioning of tool tip at desires locations and guiding it along the desired path by
automatic control of the slide motion
Controlling the feed rate
Changing the tool
Basic Elements of NC Machine
8. Main component of NC Machin
tool
I. work Table
II. Machine tool Spindle
III. Drive unit
IV. Machine control unit
V. Feedback mechanism
VI. Manual Control
VII.Electrically operated control
equipment or magnetic box
8
Basic Elements of NC Machine
9. 9
Conventional machining NC machining
Accuracy and repeatability are operator
dependent
Accuracy and repeatability are independent of
opertor
Manual operation Automated operation
Operation is controlled by operator Operation is controlled by MCU
Difficult to make complicated profiles Very complicated profiles can be generated easily
Very difficult setting is needed to achieve high
accuracy
High accuracy can be easily achieved by simple
setting
Difficult to control more than one axis at a time Many working axes can be controlled easily at
time
Axis movement is either by feed box/rack and
pinion arrangement
Servomotors are used to drive each axis
Only step by step speeds by manual shifiting is
possible
Constant surface speed to complete a machining
process
Position accuracy is poor and depend on the skill
of operator
Very high positioning accuracy
Poor repeatability and depend on the skill of
operator
Very high repatability for components
Productivity can not be estimated as cycle.depends
mood and attitude of the operator on each day
Productivity can be estimated as cycle time is
definite
Production line can not be automated Production line can be automated
10. Nc Machine
Open loop type
According to
control loop
feedback system
Close loop type
According to
type of tool
motion
Finite
positioning
control
Point to point
Straight cut
Continuous
path control
Two axis
contouring
Two and half
axes contouring
Three axes
contouring
Multi-axis
Contouring
According to
Program method
Absolute
programming
Incremental
programming
According to type
of controller
Nc based
controlling
system
Cnc based
controlling
system
10
11. (a) Open loop type Nc Machine
This type pf control have only motion control without feed back
mechanism
The open loop system do not have feedback mechanism
Ex: drilling Machine
1.According to control loop feedback system
11
12. Loop Systems for Controlling Tool
Movement
Schematic illustration of the components of an open-loop
12
13. (B) Close loop type Nc Machine
This type pf control have motion control with feed back mechanism
The close loop system have feedback mechanism which can accurately
controlling the drive system.
It drive system by comparing with input information until require position
achieved
Feed back is measured by monitoring device to determine the drive
displacement.
1.According to control loop feedback system
13
14. Loop Systems for Controlling Tool
Movement
Schematic illustration of the components of a closed-loop control system for a NC machine.
14
15. (A) Finite Position Control NC machine
1) Point to point NC Machine
• PTP is simplest of all control mode
• In this type movement of cutting tool
moves from one “Predefined position” to
another Predefined Position , while path
along which this tool moves irevenant.
• Specially used in local position base
operation i.e: drilling ,punching or welding
2. According to type of tool motion
A
y
X
o
B
15
16. (A)Finite Position Control NC
machine
(2)Straight cut NC machine
• It is extension of point to point control mode
with provision of straight line cut or machining
• This straight line cut is obtained by controlling
the movement of tool with controlled feed
rate in one of the axis direction at time
• Ex: face milling ,pocket milling , stepped
turning
2. According to type of tool motion
16
17. 17
(B) Finite Position Control NC machine
2) Continuous path control NC Machine
• Used for continuous simulation and coordinate motion of cutting tool and workpiece
along different AXES
• Such control enable for machining of different contorting profile and curved surface
• Due to simultaneously controlling relative position pass trough the desired countering
path of the final shape of require product
Types of Continuous path control NC Machine
I. Two axes contouring
II. Two and half axes contouring
III. Three axes contouring
IV. Multi – axes countering
2. According to type of tool motion
18. Two axes contouring
• In this method tool is controlled
simultaneously in only two axes (X and Y )
2. According to type of tool motion
Two and half axes contouring
• In this method the plane of machining is
inclined to the plane of motion of tool (i.e. X –
Y plane)
z
y
Two axis counter
milling
z
18
y
19. Three Axes Contorting
• In this method tool is controlled simultaneously in only three
axes (X ,Y and Z )
• In this mode different type of interpolation techniques are used
to getting correct tool movement along path
• Application : turning and machining center , flame cutting
,welding , spark- erosion , sawing machine ,
2. According to type of tool motion
Multi - axes contouring
• In this method the tool orientation can be changed with
the tool motion .
• Ex : A six axes machine tool is capable of moving the tool
simultaneously along each primary axis and also rotate
about each primary axis at same time
y
19
20. 18
Why programming needed ?
• For preparing programme ,it is necessary to specify the path tool
movement .
• Therefore a geometric data of a component is converted in to
machine understandable programme.
• Which gives specific path to tool on workpiece.
• Programing is the bridge between machine and humans.
Types of Programming method
a. Absolute programming NC machine system
b. Incremental Programming NC Machine system
3. According to Programming Method
20
21. Absolute programming NC machine system
• In absolute Programing system each point is always start from same
specific point.
• In this method first point (ZERO POINT or REFRENCE POINT ) is fixed.
• All Process Start from same reference point
3. According to Programming Method
34
20
10
10
25
40
1
0
Point X Coordinator Y Coordinator
P1 10 10
P2 25 20
P3 40 34
21
22. Incremental programming NC machine system
• In incremental Programing system each point is specified using the path
differential from the preceding point position.
• In this method first point (ZERO POINT or REFRENCE POINT ) is last point of
previous path.
• Process Start from different reference point
3. According to Programming Method
Point X Coordinator Y Coordinator
P1 10 10
P2 15 10
P3 15 14
10 15
14
10
10
15
22
23. 23
1. Process Planning The
decision are made about selection of manufacturing operation , their Sequence ,machine Requirement and tooling requirements. With
the use of part drawing , data about machine tooling ,etc.
2. Part Programming for
converting the sequence sheet of various machine operation, understandable syntaxes and various control commands for machines so
that machine perform exactly the way program
3. Coding of part program on suitable medium
part program converted into machine readable coding using tape punching machine
4. Part Program Testing And Validation
The accuracy of part programming is tested and modified by using the dry run on NC Machine , and then print is taken of tool path
for validation
5. NC Machining With Tool Pre-setting
once testing and validation of part programme is done operator adjust NC Machine with required tool for final batch production
Steps in NC Manufacturing
24. 6/29/2016 Prof.Chirag Patel 22
Part Drawing
Part Program Listing
Part Programming
Part Program And Set Up sheet
Coding of part program on suitable medium
Process Planning
Sequence Sheet
Part Program Testing and Validation
Part Program Listing
NC Machinig
Finished Part
Data Of Machine Tooling
Tool File
Programming Manual of NC
Machine
Coding Device
Part Program processor
Coding Device
Part Program processor
Tool Setting
Set up Sheet,
part drawing
24
25. 25
III. High degree of accuracy
IV. Less inspection required
I. Greater machine use
II. Complex machine operation I.
II.
V. Reduction of scrap and
wastage
VI. Reduction lead time for
production
VII.Increase productivity
Lower tooling cost
Reduction of human error
III. Greater operation safety
IV. Greater operator efficiency
V. Greater machine tool
efficiency
VI. Greater machine tool safety
VII.Reduced space requirement
Advantage of NC Machine
26. 26
I. High initial cost
II. High maintenance cost
III. High operation cost
IV. Limited life of punching tapes
V. Limited consuming punching tape preparation
Application
NC lathe and turning
NC Milling .boring , drilling and Machining center
NC welding and Arc cutting machine
NC sawing Machine
NC pipe bending ,grinding ,inspection and Gauging
Limitation of NC Machine