The document discusses different types of actuators. Actuators are devices that convert energy into motion. Common types include hydraulic actuators, which use fluid power to produce linear or rotational movement, pneumatic actuators, which use compressed air, and electric actuators like solenoids, motors, and piezoelectric actuators. Actuators are selected based on factors such as the required force, speed, precision, and environment. Actuators play an important role in converting control signals into physical motion in machines and devices.

1. Actuators
Supervisor:-
Dr. Jagadish Chandra Mohanta
Presented By:-
Anurag Chaudhary
Atul Kushwaha

2. Actuators are devices used to produce action or motion.
It is operated by a source of energy (mainly electrical signal,
air ,fluids) and converts that energy into motion.
Actuator is a mechanism by which a control system acts
upon environment.
Actuator’s output is usually Mechanical i.e. linear
displacement or velocity.
Actuation can be from few microns to few meters.

3. A
Signal
Amplification
Transducer
Control
Signal
Physical
Process
Unmodulate
Energy Source
Amplifier converts the (low power) control signal into a high
power signal .
Transducer converts the energy of the amplified control signal
into work

4. Main Attributes Of Actuators
 The size of operating forces and torques.
 The operating environment.
 Linear or rotational movement.
 The energy source.
 Speed of response and motion.
 The amount of movement needed.
 The degree of precision needed.
 The method of control and monitoring.

6.  Hydraulic actuator consists of cylinder or fluid motor that
uses hydraulic power to facilitate mechanical operation.
 Mechanical motion gives output in terms of linear, rotary or
oscillatory motion.
 Pump driven by prime mover (electric motor) creates flow of
fluid.

7.  Linear actuator (Hydraulic cylinder)-
 Provides motion in straight line.
 Linear displacement depends on stroke length.
 Usually referred to as cylinders, rams (single acting
cylinders) or jacks.
 Rotary actuators (Hydraulic motors)-
 Produces continuous rotational motion.
 Pump shaft is rotated to generate flow.
 Motor shaft is caused to rotate by fluid being forced into
driving chambers.
Types Of Hydraulic Actuator

8. Hydraulic jack.
Hydraulic brake.
Hydraulic ram.
Used as sensor.
Close loop velocity controlling.
Highly precise positioning for heavy loads.

9.  It converts high pressure energy of compressed air into
either linear or rotary motion.
 Quickly respond in operation.
Pneumatic Actuator

10. Mechanical linear actuators typically
operate by conversion of rotary motion
into linear motion.
Screw-jack
Wheel and axle
Cam

11.  Electric actuator is actuated by motor that converts electrical
energy into mechanical torque.
• Solenoid
• Electric motors
• DC servomotors
• AC motors
• Stepper motors
 Electric actuator consists of electric motor, speed reducer,
position limit mechanism and over torque protection
mechanism and position feedback device.

12. A solenoid is a coil wound into a tightly packed helix.
In physics, the term solenoid refers to a long, thin loop of wire,
and wrapped around a metallic core.
Which produces a magnetic field when an electric current
is passed through it.

13. Principle:
 Convert energy into linear motion.
 Magnetic coil and movable armature.
 Coil produce magnetic field that moves the armature.
Application:
Pneumatic valve.
Car door openers.

14.  Every motor works on the principle that when a current-
carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical force.
Working Principle Of Electric Motor

15. DC-Servomotor
Any electrical motor can be utilized as servo motor if it is
controlled by servomechanism. Likewise, if we control a DC
motor by means of servomechanism, it would be referred as DC
servo motor.

16. A.C. Motor
Stepper Motor
A stepper motor is an electromechanical device which converts
electrical pulses into discrete mechanical movements.

17.  Piezoelectric actuator is a device that makes use of the
inverse piezoelectric effect (generates mechanical energy
when subjected to electrical energy).
 Piezoelectric materials are: Quartz, Ceramics, PZT(lead
zirconate titanate).
Advantages:
Short response time.
Ability to create high forces.
Higher displacement accuracy.
High energy efficiency.
Disadvantage:
Have small strains. (0.1-.2%)
High supply voltage needed.(60-1000V)
 Large hysteresis.(actuator doesn’t go back to exactly where it
started).

18. Application
 Hand-blurring correction of
digital cameras.
 Ultra-precise mass-flow
controller.

19. Thermal/ Magnetic Actuator
 These Actuators are actuated by applying thermal or Magnetic
energy.
 These use shape memory materials (shape memory alloys
or magnetic shape-memory alloys).
 They tend to be compact, lightweight, economical and with high
power density.
 MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) thermal
actuator where small amount of thermal expansion of one part of
the device translates to a large amount of deflection of the overall
device.
 A device is considered to be MEMS device if its size is between
0.1 µm and hundreds of micrometers.
 MEMS Magnetic Actuator is device that uses
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to convert an electric
current into a mechanical output.

20.  SMAActuator use SMAs(Shape Memory Alloys) that
contracts 4% or more when heated.
 Usually heat is precisely generated by electrical current.