This document discusses mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. It defines major types of depressive and bipolar disorders, their symptoms, and potential treatments. Depressive disorders include major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and depressive disorder not otherwise specified. Bipolar disorders involve alternating or mixed states of mania and depression, and include bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Common treatments involve antidepressant medications, psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, and family therapy.

2.  are mental health problems
(depression, bipolar disorder, and
mania) that affects daily activities.

3.  Neurotransmitter (a brain chemical)
imbalance
 Substance abuse
 Life events
 Inherited

4.  Depressive disorder
-Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
-Dysthymia
-Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (DD-NOS)
 Bipolar disorder
-Bipolar I
-Bipolar II
-Cyclothymia
-Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (BD-NOS)

5.  Major Depressive Disorder:
› Also known as “unipolar depression”
 unipolar depression: remaining at one state of
emotion
› Occurs when a person has one or more
cases of depression.
› Could cause the person to commit suicide.

6.  Dysthymia:
› Happens when a person experiences low
mood for two years.
› Affected people are subject to secondary
episodes of major depression (known as
double depression).
› Not as severe as MDD

7.  Recurrent Brief Depression (DD-NOS)
› Depressions occuring once a month
› Episodes of depressions last for no more than
two weeks.
 Minor Depressive Disorder (DD-NOS)
› Characterized by two symptoms of a major
disorder occuring for two weeks or less.

8.  Happens when mania and depression
alternates (rapidly or non-rapidly) or mix.
 Also known as “manic depression”.

9.  Bipolar I
› distinguished by the presence or history of
one or more manic episodes or
sometimes mixed episodes with or without
major depressive episodes.
 Bipolar II
› consisting of recurrent and
intermittent hypomanic and depressive
episodes.

10.  Cyclothymia
› Characterized by recurrent hypomanic
and dysthymic episodes, without full manic
episodes or full major depressive episodes.

11.  Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
› Occurs when a patient is afflicted by
symptoms of bipolar disorder not qualifying
for a formal bipolar disorder.

12.  Body aches
 Changes in appetite
 Difficulty concentrating
 Difficulty sleeping
 Fatigue
 Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, helplessness or
inadequacy
 Guilt
 Hostility or aggression
 Irritability and mood changes
 Loss of interest in daily life
 Problems interacting with loved ones

13.  Abnormally high energy level
 Decreased sleep
 Feelings of omnipotence
 Impulsive behaviors such as spending
sprees
 Poor judgment
 Racing thoughts
 Talking fast or switching conversational
topics rapidly

14.  Feelings of wanting to die
 Hearing voices or seeing things that do
not exist
 Inability to care for your basic needs
 Suicidal thoughts or expression of suicidal
thoughts

15. Treatments is based on:
 your age, overall health, and medical
history
 extent of the condition
 type of mood disorder
 your tolerance for specific medications,
procedures, or therapies
 expectations for the course of the condition
 your opinion or preference
(note: the ff. are to be determined by a
physician)

16.  antidepressant medications: effective when
combined with psychotherapy in treating
depression.
 Psychotherapy: most often cognitive-
behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy
that is focused on changing the individual's
distorted views of themselves and the
environment around them, working through
difficult relationships, and identifying
stressors in the environment and how to
avoid them.
 family therapy: since the family plays a vital
support role