bacteria needs to survive stresses like cold shocks .there are mechanisms which able them to adopt to these conditions.one of prominent mechanism is using csp family of proteins
Guided notes covering material from Topics 7.2 and 7.3 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Guided notes covering material from Topics 2.7 and 7.1 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
replication of DNA to form two daughter DNA molecules, basis of cell division and transfer of genetic information from one generation to other generation
Guided notes covering material from Topics 7.2 and 7.3 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
Guided notes covering material from Topics 2.7 and 7.1 of the updated IB Biology syllabus for 2016 exams. Notes sequence and prompts are based on the Oxford IB Biology textbook by Allott and Mindorff.
replication of DNA to form two daughter DNA molecules, basis of cell division and transfer of genetic information from one generation to other generation
Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. By breaking and rejoining of two parental DNA molecules to produce new DNA molecules .
Is recombination a naturally phenomenon?
What are the types of recombination?
Why and When recombination occurs?
What are the practical uses of recombination?
homologous and non homologous recombination
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: DNA Replication. It also talks about the definition, and the concepts about DNA Replication.
The inherited DNA of an organism contains specific traits that dictate the synthesis of proteins through the RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis. In other words, proteins are the link between genotype and phenotype. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or, in some cases, just RNAs). The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages: transcription and translation. In this slide, we are going to take a look into the processes of replication and transcription.
DNA ارثی یک ارگانیسم حاوی صفات خاصی است که سنتز پروتئینها را از طریق مولکولهای RNA درگیر در سنتز پروتئین دیکته میکند. به عبارت دیگر، پروتئینها رابط بین ژنوتیپ و فنوتیپ هستند. بیان ژن فرآیندی است که در آن DNA سنتز پروتئینها (یا در برخی موارد فقط RNA ها( را هدایت میکند. بیان ژنهایی که برای پروتئینها کد میکنند شامل دو مرحله است: رونویسی و ترجمه. در این اسلاید قصد داریم نگاهی به فرآیندهای همانندسازی و رونویسی بیاندازیم.
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the basis for biological inheritance. The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential.
Genetic recombination is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. By breaking and rejoining of two parental DNA molecules to produce new DNA molecules .
Is recombination a naturally phenomenon?
What are the types of recombination?
Why and When recombination occurs?
What are the practical uses of recombination?
homologous and non homologous recombination
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: DNA Replication. It also talks about the definition, and the concepts about DNA Replication.
The inherited DNA of an organism contains specific traits that dictate the synthesis of proteins through the RNA molecules involved in protein synthesis. In other words, proteins are the link between genotype and phenotype. Gene expression is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins (or, in some cases, just RNAs). The expression of genes that code for proteins includes two stages: transcription and translation. In this slide, we are going to take a look into the processes of replication and transcription.
DNA ارثی یک ارگانیسم حاوی صفات خاصی است که سنتز پروتئینها را از طریق مولکولهای RNA درگیر در سنتز پروتئین دیکته میکند. به عبارت دیگر، پروتئینها رابط بین ژنوتیپ و فنوتیپ هستند. بیان ژن فرآیندی است که در آن DNA سنتز پروتئینها (یا در برخی موارد فقط RNA ها( را هدایت میکند. بیان ژنهایی که برای پروتئینها کد میکنند شامل دو مرحله است: رونویسی و ترجمه. در این اسلاید قصد داریم نگاهی به فرآیندهای همانندسازی و رونویسی بیاندازیم.
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the basis for biological inheritance. The cell possesses the distinctive property of division, which makes replication of DNA essential.
Chaperones are a functionally related group of proteins that assist the covalent folding or unfolding and the assembly or disassembly of other macromolecular structures.
he culture media are classified in many different ways: Based on the physical state Liquid media Solid media Semisolid media Based on the presence or absence of oxygen Anaerobic media Aerobic media Based on nutritional factors Simple media Synthetic media Complex
Post translation modifications(molecular biology)IndrajaDoradla
description of post translation modifications which include folding,proteolytic clevage and chemical modification and protein splicing and protein degradation
Introduction
The big question
Evolution of gene regulation
Gene regulation in eukaryotes
Points of control
Packing/unpacking DNA
Transcription
mRNA processing
mRNA transport
Translation
Protein processing
Protein degradation
Difference between eukaryotic &
prokaryotic gene expression
Conclusions
References
Oft is a test for measuring red blood cells fragility .In some diseases this goes up and in some it decreases.we put red blood cells in different solution dilutions and determine what happens for it.
CBC READER is a device which is capable of giving red blood cells count .we need this count bcz if it goes up or down ,will be accompanying with diseases .
in laboratory of university though students learn to measure them with neubar slides
2 of my students were searching for job( bachelor level ),I told them not to pay money for resume writing workshops because it has no purpose , I ended up conducting a workshop for resume writing in order to teach my students not to lose their money and also learn what most be learnt in this area ,because they pay for their educations at university .
one of human body fluids which is important in infertility assessment is seminal fluids .medical laboratories in Iran are responsible to analyse the semen and report back to specialist .the technicians responsible for this analyse are mostly microbiologists so I decided to teach my students the general information about semen analysis in this powerpoint.
physiology has different aspects .one of them is to use blood circulation system ,blood clotting and also blood typing .all of which are helpful specially when there are blood clotting disorders and /or surgery and blood transfusion.
physiology is the study of body parts including cells ,tissues and organs .the systems in which the body use to function properly .in these series of slides I tried to explain the first system which is circulatory system and work on red blood cells .the tests and explanations suite science bachelor degree university students .
CNIDARIA ARE A GROUP OF ANIMALIA WHICH REPRESENT DISTINCT FEATURES
SCIENTISTS USE THEM IN THEIR RESEARCHES FOR EXAMPLE THEY USE HYDRA FOR REGENERATION OR STEM CELL RESEARCHES
porifera has 4 classes they live in water and are the primitive form of multicellular beings.
in these slides I have shown their common features and individual thing about sycons ,spongillas and leucosolenia
with developments of AI(artificial intelligence ) the need for legislation is felt .
according to investigations of scholar ,there could be a virtual lawyer .
coronavirus caused millions of deaths around the world recently .
not only knowing the structure of this virus matters but also the vaccines preventing its deadly effects is of importance .
in this power point which I prepared for my university advisor almost 1.5 year ago I mentioned all types of vaccines which then were approved or were on clinical trials.
non-structural protein 1 is a protein in sars-cov-2 virus( coronavirus),which block host cell ribosomes from producing essential proteins.
in my article and this power point I investigated the effects of this protein both in human translation system and intermediate carrier animals .
I though the difference between these two groups comes from different attachments of this protein to its host cell ribosomes.
fertilization only occur when oocyte and sperm are activated .what happens when an activated sperm is able to penetrate ovum membrane .blocking the entrance of other sperms has a specific mechanism explained in this power point
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
4. Molecular Mechanisms In Which Bacteria
Use To Adapt Low Temperatures
Altering the fluidity of membrane
Maintaining the stability of DNA
& transcriptional machinery
Unique ability to maintain
enzymatic reactions
5. Membrane Fluidity
• Why we need membrane of bacterial cells to become fluid-like ?
Because low temperature enhance rigidity of membrane .
To maintain membrane function in low temperature such as transport, energy
production ,signal transduction ,cell growth and cell division.
• How can we alter a rigid membrane to a fluid-like one?
Changing the polar
head groups of
glycerophospholipids
Changing the
magnitude of fatty
acid desaturation
Changing the chain
length of fatty acids
Changing the ratio of
iso and anteiso fatty
acids
Changing the
proportion of cis
and trans fatty acids
Presenting a
component of
phospholipids
(EPA)
9. Cold-shock Proteins
• They were first discovered in 1987
• A family of mostly acidic proteins and small (7.4kDa)
• They existed from beginning of bacterial evolution
• In eukaryotes they have similar sequences in a domain called cold-shock domain
• This domain mediates specific RNA-binding in combination with additional RNA-binding
domains.
• A conserved all beta-strand fold that contains a defined ssDNA/RNA binding epitope.
• Acts as RNA chaperons in bacteria
• They autoregulate themselves.
11. Transcription Changes During Cold-shock State
The curvature of
DNA changes
• Become more negatively
supercoiled
• This trigger the
transcription of cold-
induced genes
DNA relaxation
increase
• This induces the
expression of a specific
set of genes
CspA & CspE act
as antiterminators
• Functionally linked to
the maintenance of
chromosome structure
• Prevent hairpin
formation that may lad
to premature
termination
12. Degradation And Stabilization
Csps Family
• Capable of binding to DNA
• Functionally linked to the chromosome structure
• CspE can promote or protect chromosome folding
• CspA destabilizes secondary structures and functions as a chaperone to
maintain RNA in a single-stranded state which favours its degradation
Dead-box Helicase
• It is a helicase which incorporate to degradosome ,main RNA degrading
machine
• Helps to degrade structure RNAs
• Also is involved in ribosome biogenesis
• Leads to depletion of the mature 50S ribosomal subunit and
accumulation of the 40S-like particle
PNPase
• One of the main exonuclease of E.coli
• Helps to repress the production of the Csp family of proteins at the end
of acclimation phase.
• With the help of two other exonucleases processively digest RNA
secondary structure
13.
14. Translation Changes During Cold-shock State
PY protein
block
translation
Structural
RNA slow
down
translation
IF2, Hsc66
& TF
correct
protein
folding
Ribosome
adaptation
to cold