This document provides an overview of microstrip patch antenna design principles. It begins with introducing common wireless frequencies and the importance of antenna design for consumer devices. It then discusses microstrip antenna basics and design methodology, including determining initial dimensions using transmission line models or cavities models and optimizing the design using electromagnetic solvers. Guidelines for microstrip antenna design are also presented, along with equations for calculating antenna footprint dimensions and equivalent circuit parameters. An example design for a GSM microstrip antenna is shown. The presenter's past and future PhD work on tunable antennas is briefly outlined before concluding with an invitation for questions.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
This slide describes design and simulation about the micro strip patch antenna using HFSS software.study the return characteristics,gain(db)and radiation pattern
As the given frequency & substrate thickness, we calculate substrate length,width & patch length.you can refer theory in "ANTENNA THEORY" by C.A.Balanis
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
Design & Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna.The project here provides a detailed study of how to design a probe-fed Square Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS, v11.0 software and study the effect of antenna dimensions Length (L), and substrate parameters relative Dielectric constant (εr), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
This slide describes design and simulation about the micro strip patch antenna using HFSS software.study the return characteristics,gain(db)and radiation pattern
As the given frequency & substrate thickness, we calculate substrate length,width & patch length.you can refer theory in "ANTENNA THEORY" by C.A.Balanis
Artificial intelligence in the design of microstrip antennaRaj Kumar Thenua
This work presents a Neural Network model for the design of Microstrip Antenna for a desired frequency between 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with the results of IE3D and are found to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method lies with the fact that the various parameters required for the design of specific Microstrip antenna at a particular frequency of interest can be easily extracted without going into the rigorous time consuming, iterative design procedures using a costly software package. In this work, a general design procedure is suggested for the Microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks and this is demonstrated using the rectangular patch geometry.
Substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler in [10 1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high
performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar
technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this
study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized
in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and
allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P) .
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Design of Planar Antennas for Wireless ApplicationsAnil Pandey
Planar antennas, including microstrip and printed antennas, metal-plate antennas, ceramic chip and dielectric resonator antennas have a low profile hence, these antennas have extensive applications in mobile systems (such as 900/1800 MHz bands), wireless local area networks (WLANs, such as 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands), ultra-wideband (UWB, such as 3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz band) communications.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
Artificial intelligence in the design of microstrip antennaRaj Kumar Thenua
This work presents a Neural Network model for the design of Microstrip Antenna for a desired frequency between 3.5 GHz to 5.5 GHz. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared with the results of IE3D and are found to be in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed method lies with the fact that the various parameters required for the design of specific Microstrip antenna at a particular frequency of interest can be easily extracted without going into the rigorous time consuming, iterative design procedures using a costly software package. In this work, a general design procedure is suggested for the Microstrip antennas using artificial neural networks and this is demonstrated using the rectangular patch geometry.
Substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler in [10 1...ijistjournal
The Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology is an attractive approach for the design of high
performance microwave and millimeter wave components, as it combines the advantages of planar
technology, such as low fabrication costs, with the low loss inherent to the waveguide solution. In this
study, a substrate integrated waveguide power divider, circulator and coupler are conceived and optimized
in [10-15] GHz band by Ansoft HFSS code. Thus, results of this modeling are presented, discussed and
allow to integrate these devices in planar circuits.
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P) .
MicroStrip Antenna
Introduction .
Micro-Strip Antennas Types .
Micro-Strip Antennas Shapes .
Types of Substrates (Dielectric Media) .
Comparison of various types of flat profile printed antennas .
Advantages & DisAdvantages of MSAs .
Applications of MSAs .
Radiation patterns of MSAs .
How to Optimizing the Substrate Properties for Increased Bandwidth ?
Comparing the different feed techniques .
By completing this presentation will be have a clear idea about Antenna's working principles, Antenna's Types & Antenna's Parameters. At the end to this document you'll have a brief idea about Antenna's Tilt vs Distance Calculation & Cluster wise optimum Antenna Selection procedure. Impact of antenna PIM & VSWR have been described elaborately in this document as well.
Design of Planar Antennas for Wireless ApplicationsAnil Pandey
Planar antennas, including microstrip and printed antennas, metal-plate antennas, ceramic chip and dielectric resonator antennas have a low profile hence, these antennas have extensive applications in mobile systems (such as 900/1800 MHz bands), wireless local area networks (WLANs, such as 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands), ultra-wideband (UWB, such as 3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz band) communications.
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
HFSS MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA- ANALYSIS AND DESIGNShivashu Awasthi
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA USING HFSS SIMULATION TOOL.
Its the Final Year Presentation at 75% of its full flow.
Hopefully It should Help..do leave your reviews and suggestions / queries.
Thanks.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Optimization for Wireles...ijsrd.com
In this paper, design of conventional Rectangular patch Microstrip antenna has been proposed and its performance is analyzed. The design parameters of antenna are selected to achieve compact dimensions as well as best possible characteristics such as high gain, increased bandwidth with minimum return loss. Hence improved design has been demonstrated over elementary one. These antennas have been designed at 2.4GHz which enables its usage in wireless communication domain such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The antenna design and performance are analyzed using Ansoft HFSS software. These antennas can be used for many wireless communication systems.
Channel Capacity and Uniform/Non-Uniform Signaling For FSO ChannlsAishwary Singh
This work considers the design of capacity approaching, non-uniform optical intensity signaling in the presence of average and peak amplitude constraints. It is known that the capacity achieving input distribution is discrete with a finite number of mass points, finding it requires complex non-linear optimization at every SNR. A simple expression for a capacity-approaching distribution is derived via source entropy maximization.
For queries
Aishwarya
palsinghaishwarya@gmail.com
Antenna & Array Fundamentals Technical Training Courses SamplerJim Jenkins
This three-day course teaches the basics of antenna and antenna array theory. Fundamental concepts such as beam patterns, radiation resistance, polarization, gain/directivity, aperture size, reciprocity, and matching techniques are presented. Different types of antennas such as dipole, loop, patch, horn, dish, and helical antennas are discussed and compared and contrasted from a performance - applications standpoint. The locations of the reactive near-field, radiating near-field (Fresnel region), and far-field (Fraunhofer region) are described and the Friis transmission formula is presented with worked examples. Propagation effects are presented. Antenna arrays are discussed, and array factors for different types of distributions (e.g., uniform, binomial, and Tschebyscheff arrays) are analyzed giving insight to sidelobe levels, null locations, and beam broadening (as the array scans from broadside.) The end-fire condition is discussed. Beam steering is described using phase shifters and true-time delay devices. Problems such as grating lobes, beam squint, quantization errors, and scan blindness are presented. Antenna systems (transmit/receive) with active amplifiers are introduced. Finally, measurement techniques commonly used in anechoic chambers are outlined. The textbook, Antenna Theory, Analysis & Design, is included as well as a comprehensive set of course notes.
Compact highly efficient(MPA) design using an AMC/EBG/RIS/HIS利 金
An overview on the current state of the art of an Artificial Magnetic Conductor(AMC) bandwidth reconfigurability and widening is discussed herein. Further, traditional an modern antenna efficient enhancement and reconfigurability methods are compared, while different applications of AMC in printed antennas are discussed. Perfect electric conductor ground plane (PEC) along with its effect on antenna's performance is detailed.
Preliminary Test Results: High Performance Optically Pumped Cesium Beam ClockADVA
Patrick Berthoud’s presentation, delivered at WSTS 2016 in San Jose, reveals design specifications and the results of initial testing of Oscilloquartz's new high-performance optically pumped cesium beam clock.
Multi-channel Detector Readout Integrated Circuits with ADCs for X-ray and Ga...Gunnar Maehlum
We are developing detector readout integrated circuits (ROICs) for X-ray and Gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ROICs are applications specific (ASICs) for satellite instrumentation in space. The ICs described in this article belong to the VATA family with integrated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for fully digital readout of x-ray and gamma-ray detectors. The VATAs are ideal for the readout of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), cadmium telluride (CdTe), silicon pads and strips, and large area avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with scintillators.
At PTTI 2023, our team, led by Patrick Berthoud, discussed our industry-first high-performance optical cesium atomic clock technology. This cutting-edge solution offers unparalleled levels of precise synchronization and stability.
Smart mm-Wave Beam Steering Algorithm for Fast Link Re-Establishment under No...Avishek Patra
Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless local area networks (WLANs) are expected to provide multi-Gbps connectivity by exploiting a large amount of unoccupied spectrum in e.g. the unlicensed 60 GHz band. However, to overcome the high path loss inherent at these high frequencies, mm-wave networks must employ highly directional beamforming antennas, which make link establishment and maintenance much more challenging than in traditional omnidirectional networks. In particular, maintaining connectivity under node mobility necessitates frequent re-steering of the transmit and receive antenna beams to re-establish a directional mm-wave link. A simple exhaustive sequential scanning to search for new feasible antenna sector pairs may introduce excessive delay, potentially disrupting communication and lowering the QoS. In this paper, we propose a smart beam steering algorithm for fast 60 GHz link re-establishment under node mobility, which uses knowledge of previously feasible sector pairs to narrow the sector search space, thereby reducing the associated latency overhead. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm in several representative indoor scenarios, based on detailed simulations of signal propagation in a 60 GHz WLAN in WinProp with realistic building materials. We study the effect of indoor layout, antenna sector beamwidth, node mobility pattern, and device orientation awareness. Our results show that the smart beam steering algorithm achieves a 7-fold reduction of the sector search space on average, which directly translates into lower 60 GHz link re-establishment latency. Our results also show that our fast search algorithm selects the near-optimal antenna sector pair for link re-establishment.
Development of a High Performance Optical Cesium Beam Clock for Ground Applic...ADVA
At the VIII International “Metrology of Time and Space” Symposium in St. Petersburg, Patrick Berthoud revealed the latest results in the development of Oscilloquartz’s high-performance optical cesium beam clock.
A Low Latency Implementation of a Non Uniform Partitioned Overlap and Save Al...a3labdsp
FIR convolution is a widely used operation in digital signal processing field, especially for filtering operations in real time scenarios. In this context, low computationally demanding techniques for calculating convolutions with low input/output latency become essential, considering that the real time requirements are strictly related to the impulse response length. In this paper, a multithreading real time implementation of a Non Uniform Partitioned Overlap and Save algorithm is proposed with the aim of lowering the workload required in applications like reverberation, also exploiting the human ear sensitivity. Several results are reported in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of computational cost, taking into consideration different impulse responses and also introducing comparisons with existing techniques of the state of the art.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Microstrip patch antenna design
1. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Design Principles
Ben Horwath
2. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Outline
• Introduction
• Antenna basics
• Microstrip antennas
• Design methodology
• Design guidelines
• Footprint equations
• Circuit equivalent equations
• Quick example
• EM solvers
• PhD work-to-date
• Future efforts
• Some good references
• Questions
3. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Introduction
• For consumer devices, wireless is everywhere!
– LTE (700 MHz), GSM (850MHz/1.9GHz), Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz),
Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), GPS (1.575 GHz)
• Apple’s iPhone 4 is popular science
– But illustrates sizes and importance of good antenna design
• Why microstrip antennas?
– The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals
With more coming: 5G (or whatever),
Wireless Display, Wireless USB, etc.
4. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2
Antenna Basics
• How is radiation achieved?
• Wavelength is key:
𝜆
2
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜆 =
𝑐 𝑜
𝑓𝑟 𝜖 𝑟
* Balanis, Constantine A. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2005.
l
V
5. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
• With the microstrip antenna, l/2 is a bit too big for
consumer mobile devices
• Typically for space and military applications
• Easy to design/manufacture, yet very capable
– Good value, great for antenna arrays
• Scale is better for millimeter wave RF (60+ GHz)
Microstrip Antennas
6. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Design Methodology
• Find a “comfortable” model
– Transmission Line – easiest, can be done in Excel
– Cavity – higher accuracy, higher complexity
– Full Wave – very accurate/adaptable, super complex
• Using specifications, generate initial design
– Resonance frequency, gain, substrate, footprint, etc.
• Compare with an EM solver
– Tune parameters such as ereff and DL (more details soon)
• Re-iterate design, prototype, measure
• Finalize design for manufacturing
7. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Design Guidelines
• For microstrip antennas, a
good 1st step is to assume a
standard substrate
– like Rogers RT/duroid 5880
• Importance of er, h
• To avoid cross polarization,
keep 1 < W/L <1.5
• Rule of l/2 versus ~0.48l
8. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Footprint-Generating Equations
𝜖 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
𝜖 𝑟 + 1
2
+
𝜖 𝑟 − 1
2
1 + 12
ℎ
𝑊
−1
2
, 𝑊
ℎ > 1
𝑊 =
𝑐 𝑜
2𝑓𝑟
2
𝜖 𝑟 + 1
, 𝑐 𝑜 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
An initial guess at the patch width:
Find effective parameters:
∆𝐿
ℎ
= 0.412
𝜖 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 + 0.3
𝑊
ℎ
+ 0.264
𝜖 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 0.258
𝑊
ℎ
+ 0.8
𝐿 =
𝑐 𝑜
2𝑓𝑟 𝜖 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓
− 2∆𝐿
Get patch length:
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
* Balanis, Constantine A. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2005.
9. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Circuit Equivalent Equations
𝐺1 =
𝑊
120𝜆 𝑜
1 −
1
24
𝑘 𝑜ℎ 2 , 𝑘 𝑜 = 2𝜋
𝜆 𝑜
𝑌1 = 𝐺1 + 𝑗𝐵1, 𝑌2 = 𝐺2 + 𝑗𝐵2[5]
[6]
[7] 𝐵1 =
𝑊
120𝜆 𝑜
1 − 0.636 ln 𝑘 𝑜ℎ
𝐺2 = 𝐺1, 𝐵2 = 𝐵1[8]
Via admittance transfer function:
𝑌2 = 𝐺2 + 𝑗𝐵2 = 𝐺1 − 𝑗𝐵1[9]
𝑌𝑖𝑛 = 𝑌1 + 𝑌2 = 2𝐺1[10]
𝑍𝑖𝑛 =
1
𝑌𝑖𝑛
= 𝑅𝑖𝑛[11]
For this discussion
we will ignore
mutual effects
10. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Quick Example
• Rogers RT/duroid 5880 chosen:
– h=0.508mm, 100mm x 100mm board, er=2.2
• Want an antenna for GSM, fr=1.9GHz
• Use equations in Microsoft Excel
– W=6.24cm, L=5.30cm, Zin=151.8W
– Feed set to be 50W (standard): Wo=1.6mm
• Confirm antenna using an EM solver
– Sonnet yields Zin=209.7W at 1.88GHz
11. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Equations Implemented in Excel
12. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Sonnet Implementation
13. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Sonnet S11 Response
1.88 GHz
14. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Sonnet Radiation Patterns
6.5 dBi
15. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
A Few EM Solvers
Microwave Office (AXIEM)
HFSS
ADS
*
*
*
*
* SCU Design Center
16. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Some Good References
• Antenna Theory and Microstrip Antennas – D.G. Fang
• Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook – Garg et al
– Title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found
• Antenna Theory – Constantine Balanis
– Used for Antennas I (ELEN 715)
• www.antenna-theory.com
17. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
PhD Work-to-date
• Focus on tunable antennas
– Add impedance elements to electrically change the
characteristics of the antenna (Zin, E field)
• 60 GHz on-chip tunable antennas and array
– Adaptive field patterns tuned by IMPATT diodes
• Mantenna
– Wearable antenna array operating at 50-500 MHz
– Direction finding for military applications
• 77 GHz system optimization
– Extending Prof. Al-Attar’s monolithic transmitter work
18. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Future Efforts
• Gain full theoretical control of the antenna
– Change bandwidth, fr, E field/directivity at will
– Use a range of IMPATT locations and values
• Investigate adaptive array pattern control
– Optimize via array geometry
• OTA for PhD completion
– Develop a test system, work with industry
• RF tx/rx chains plus control
19. SCU Center for Analog Design and Research
Questions?
Contact Info:
Ben Horwath
bhorwath@scu.edu
www.horwathtech.com
