The document discusses the design of a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) resonating in the K-band frequency range (18-26GHz) using HFSS software. It provides an introduction to antennas and describes the basic structure of an MPA including the radiating patch, dielectric substrate, and ground plane. Design considerations for the MPA include selecting the rectangular patch shape and FR4 epoxy substrate material. The document outlines the design process in HFSS and lists some advantages and applications of MPAs for mobile/satellite communication systems. It concludes that the designed MPA exhibits good impedance matching at the center frequency and can be easily fabricated on an FR4 substrate.

2. Aim and Objective
Introduction to antennas
Microstrip patch antenna
Designing of MPA
Merits and Demerits of MPA
Applications
Conclusion
Contents

3. Aim and Objective
• To study Microstrip Patch Antenna resonating
at k-band (18-26GHZ) frequency.
• To design and implement this antenna using
HFSS, v 13.0.

4. Introduction to Antennas
• An antenna or aerial is defined as “a means for radiating or receiving
radio waves.”
• An antenna is any device that converts electronic signals to
electromagnetic waves (and vice versa) effectively with minimum loss of
signals.
• An antenna is basically a transforming device that will convert
impedance of transmitter output (50/75 Ohm) into free space
impedance (120pi or 377 Ohm).
• It is a region of transition between guided and free space propagation
• Antenna is part of a signal transmitting system over some distance.
• Antenna is a passive device, it does not amplify the signals, it only
directs the signal energy in a particular direction in reference with
isotropic antenna.

5. Different Types of Antennas
Wire Antenna Microstrip Antenna
Lens AntennaArray Antenna
Aperture Antenna
Reflector Antenna

6. Microstrip Patch Antenna
• Microstrip Antenna was Invented by Bob Munson in 1972 .
• Microstrip antennas are attractive due to their light weight,
conformability and low cost.
• These antennas can be integrated with printed strip-line feed
networks and active devices. This is a relatively new area of
antenna engineering.
• The radiation properties of micro strip structures have been
known since the mid 1950’s.
• A Microstrip Patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one
side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on the
other side.
• The patch is generally made of conducting material such as
copper or gold and can take any possible shape.
• The radiating patch and the feed lines are usually photo etched
on the dielectric substrate.

7. Basic Structure Microstrip patch
Antenna
L = Length of the Micro-strip
Patch Element
W = Width of the Micro-strip
Patch Element
t= Thickness of Patch
h = Height of the Dielectric
Substrate.
Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna

8. Some of the Typical Shapes of Patch
8
Rectangular Square Circular
Elliptical
Circular ring
Triangular

9. Substrate Material(FR4 Epoxy)
•The Dielectric Substrate Material we are using in our Design
is FR4 Epoxy
•Where “FR” means Flame Retardant and type 4 indicates
Woven Glass reinforced Epoxy resin.
•The Range of the dielectric constant of FR4 Epoxy typically
depends on glass resin.
•This material is popular and cost effective Compared to other
PCB material.
•FR4 is most Commonly Used as an electrical insulator
possessing considerable mechanical Strength.
•FR4 is also used in the construction of relays, switches,
standoffs, busbars, washers, transformer and screw terminal
strips.

11. Designing of Microstrip Antenna
•In order to design a microstrip rectangular patch antenna to operate in a
K band frequency range, Although there are various simulation software
available for example FEKO, IE3D, CST, HFSS …etc.
•We are using HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 to
design a MSA. It is more commonly used software because of its friendly
user interface and better accuracy for complicated geometries. HFSS is
commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic Structures.
•HFSS is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic
structures
•Ansoft HFSS software is the industry standard for simulating 3-D full-
wave electromagnetic fields. Its gold-standard accuracy, advanced solver
and high-performance compute technology have made it an essential
tool for engineers doing accurate and rapid design of high-frequency and
high-speed electronic components.

12. Advantages and Disadvantages of MSA

13. Application of MSA
Mobile and satellite
communication System
Global Positioning
System(GPS)
Direct Broad Cast
Television(DBS)
Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID)
Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access ( WiMax)
Wireless LAN’s

14. Progress of the Project
• Designing of Microstrip Rectangular
Patch Antenna has been Completed.
• This design has to be fabricated.
• Characterization has to be done.

15. We have designed a microstrip rectangular patch
antenna resonating at 18-26 GHz Frequency range. The
Design antenna exhibits a good impedance matching at
the center frequency. This antenna can be easily
fabricated on FR4 Epoxy Substrate material due to its
small size and thickness.
Conclusion