prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
The presentation covers all the basic aspects of Kingdom Fungi including its salient features, cell wall structure, nutrition, spore forms, and reproduction.
prof . dr. ihsan edan alsaimary
department of microbiology - college of medicine - university of basrah - basrah -IRAQ
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
00964 7801410838
The presentation covers all the basic aspects of Kingdom Fungi including its salient features, cell wall structure, nutrition, spore forms, and reproduction.
Plasma membrane - The Nature protection from the outside worldRohit Mondal
Like as we all know that Cell is the basic unit of life of every living organism present on this earth and if we call it in layman language like a mother protects her child from outside harsh world and fix some barrier or rule for her child that with whom he or she should meet or not similarly the plasma membrane also act like a mother for the cell and its organelle by being selectively permeable for some specific compound and elements ..so in this given PPT you learn about what is plasma membrane and what is its composition and how its work FOR the cell .
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures, the most noteworthy of which is the nucleus. ... While prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound structures, they do have distinct cellular regions. In prokaryotic cells, DNA bundles together in a region called the nucleoid.
Classification of Bacteria- Alka Kumari, Assistant Professoralka1909
Morphological characteristics important in Food Bacteriology
Cultural and Physiological characteristics important in Food
Bacteriology
Genera of bacteria important in Food Bacteriology groups
Plasma membrane - The Nature protection from the outside worldRohit Mondal
Like as we all know that Cell is the basic unit of life of every living organism present on this earth and if we call it in layman language like a mother protects her child from outside harsh world and fix some barrier or rule for her child that with whom he or she should meet or not similarly the plasma membrane also act like a mother for the cell and its organelle by being selectively permeable for some specific compound and elements ..so in this given PPT you learn about what is plasma membrane and what is its composition and how its work FOR the cell .
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures, the most noteworthy of which is the nucleus. ... While prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound structures, they do have distinct cellular regions. In prokaryotic cells, DNA bundles together in a region called the nucleoid.
Classification of Bacteria- Alka Kumari, Assistant Professoralka1909
Morphological characteristics important in Food Bacteriology
Cultural and Physiological characteristics important in Food
Bacteriology
Genera of bacteria important in Food Bacteriology groups
This presentation is about Probiotic and prebiotic and the role of them in our body and their benefits .
kindly if you have any inquiry contact me anytime .
Best wishes
The cell and its evolution:
*Stanford researchers produce 12 cell types from human stem cells in days.
*Study uncovers new drug-gene mutation combinations that can kill cancer cells
Austin Biochemistry strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
This presentation discusses the variety of bacteria based on their shapes, envelope structure, projecting structures and cytoplasmic membrane with corresponding representatives
Microbiology is the study of the biology of microscopic organisms - viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, slime molds, and protozoa. The methods used to study and manipulate these minute and mostly unicellular organisms differ from those used in most other biological investigations
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
10. MORPHOLOGY Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes Other shapes Coccobacillus Short round rod Vibrio Curved rod Spirillum Spiral shaped Spirochete Helical shape Pleomorphic Bacteria able to vary shape
11. MORPHOLOGY Arrangement: Division along a single plane may result in pairs or chains of cells Pairs = diplococci Example: Neisseriagonorrhoeae Chains = streptococci Example: species of Streptococcus
16. FLAGELLA Some bacteria have protein appendages Not essential for life Aid in survival in certain environments They include Flagella Pili
17. FLAGELLA Flagella Long protein structure Responsible for motility Use propeller like movements to push bacteria Can rotate more than 100,00 revolutions/minute 82 mile/hour Some important in bacterial pathogenesis H antigen useful in distinguishing among serovras of gram negative bacteria
18. FLAGELLA Flagella structure has three basic parts Filament Extends to exterior Made of proteins called flagellin Hook Curved sheath Connects filament to cell Basal body Anchors flagellum into cell wall and membrane
20. FLAGELLAR ARRANGEMENTS 1. Monotrichous – single flagellum at one end 2. Lophotrichous – small bunches arising from one end of cell 3. Amphitrichous – flagella at both ends of cell 4. Peritrichous – flagella dispersed over surface of cell, slowest
25. PILI Rigid tubular structure made of pilinprotein Found only in Gram negative cells Functions Sexual pili—joins bacterial cells for DNA transfer (conjugation) Common pili—adhesion
26. FIMBRAE Fine hairlike bristles from the cell surface Function in adhesion to other cells and surfaces
29. GLYCOCALYX Coating of molecules external to the cell wall, made of sugars and/or proteins 2 types slime layer - loosely organized and attached capsule – highly organized, tightly attached Functions attachment inhibits killing by white blood cells receptor
35. GRAM POSITIVE WALL Rigidity of cell wall is due to peptidoglycan (PTG) Compound found only in bacteria Basic structure of peptidoglycan Alternating series of two subunits N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) Joined subunits form glycan chain Glycan chains held together by string of four amino acids Tetrapeptide chain
38. Regardless of thickness, peptidoglycan is permeable to numerous substancesTeichoicacid component of peptidoglycan; composed of glycerol and phosphate Lipoteucholic acid is attached to the lipids of cytoplasmic membrane Gives cell negative charge
41. GRAM NEGATIVE WALL More complex than Gram+ Only contains thin layer of peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan sandwiched between outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane Region between outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane is called periplasm or periplasmic space Gel-like area Most secreted proteins contained here
42.
43. Constructed of lipid bilayerMuch like cytoplasmic membrane but outer layer made of lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids Outer membrane also called the lipopolysaccharide layer or LPS layer LPS severs as barrier to a large number of molecules Small molecules or ions pass through channels called porins Specific channel proteins are present
44. GRAM NEGATIVE WALL O-specific polysaccharide chain Directed away from membrane Opposite location of Lipid A Used to identify certain species or strains E. coli O157:H7 refers to specific O-side chain Lipid A Portion that anchors LPS molecule in lipid bilayer Plays role in recognition of infection Molecule present with Gram negative infection of bloodstream--endotoxin
58. CELL WALL Some bacterium naturally lack cell wall Mycoplasma Bacterium causes mild pneumonia Have no cell wall Antimicrobial directed towards cell wall ineffective Sterols in membrane account for strength of membrane
59. CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE Cell (Cytoplasmic) membrane Delicate thin fluid structure Surrounds cytoplasm of cell Defines boundary Serves as a semi permeable barrier Barrier between cell and external environment
60. CELL MEMBRANE Structure is a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins Bilayer consists of two opposing layers Layer composed of phospholipids Each contains a hydrophilic phosphate head and hydrophobic fatty acid tail
61. CELL MEMBRANE Membrane is embedded with numerous protein More that 200 different proteins Proteins function as receptors, channels proteins, and transport proteins Provides mechanism to sense surroundings Proteins are not stationary Constantly changing position Called fluid mosaic model
63. CYTOPLASM Dense gelatinous solution of sugars, amino acids, & salts 70-80% water Serves as solvent for materials used in all cell functions
64. STRUCTURES WITHIN CYTOPLASM Bacterial cells have variety of internal structures Some structures are essential for life Chromosome Ribosome Others are optional and can confer selective advantage Plasmid Storage granules Endospores
65. INTERNAL STRUCTURES Chromosome Resides in cytoplasm In nucleoid space Typically single chromosome: protein and DNA Circular double-stranded molecule Contains all genetic information Plasmid Circular DNA molecule Generally 0.1% to 10% size of chromosome Extrachromosomal Independently replicating Encode characteristic Potentially enhances survival Antimicrobial resistance Tolerance to toxic metals
66. INTERNAL STRUCTURE Ribosome Involved in protein synthesis Composed of large and small subunits Units made of protein 40% and ribosomal RNA 60% Prokaryotic ribosomal subunits Large = 30S Small = 50S Small than eukaryotic ribosomes Difference often used as target for antimicrobials
67. INTERNAL STRUCTURES Storage granules Accumulation of polymers Synthesized from excess nutrient Example = glycogen Excess glucose in cell is stored in glycogen granules Gas vesicles Small protein compartments Provides buoyancy to cell Regulating vesicles allows organisms to reach ideal position in environment
68. INTERNAL STRUCTURES Endospores Dormant cell types Produced through sporulation Theoretically remain dormant for 100 years Resistant to damaging conditions Heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV light Vegetative cell produced through germination Germination occurs after exposure to heat or chemicals Germination not a source of reproduction Common bacteria genus that produce endospores include Clostridium and Bacillus
69.
70. Inclusions Metachromatic granules (volutin) Polysaccharide granules Lipid inclusions Sulfur granules Carboxysomes Gas vacuoles Magnetosomes Phosphate reserves Energy reserves Energy reserves Energy reserves Ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase for CO2 fixation Protein covered cylinders Iron oxide (destroys H2O2)
74. Archaea Morphology Basic Archaeal Shapes : At far left, Methanococcusjanaschii, a coccus form with numerous flagella attached to one side. At left center, Methanosarcinabarkeri, a lobed coccus form lacking flagella. At right center, Methanothermusfervidus, a short bacillus form without flagella. At far right, Methanobacteriumthermoautotrophicum, an elongate bacillus form.
75. Archaea Morphology Membrane lipids ether bonds link glycerol to hydrocarbon side chains lacks fatty acids side chains composed of repeating isoprene units major lipid components: glycerol dietherand diglycerolteraether lipid monolayer
77. Archaea Morphology Cell Wall lacks outer membrane pseudomurein: N-acetylglucosamine + N –acetyltalosaminuronic acid β-1,3 glycosidic linkage L-amino acids Polysaccharide cell walls Methanosarcina: glucose, glucuronic acid, uronic acid galactosamine, and acetate Halococcus: same as Methanosarcinacell wall + Sulfate ions
78. Archaea Morphology Cell Wall S-layers: paracrystalline surface layers proteins or glycoprotein arranged in various symmetries Functions: structural support interface btwn cell and its environment selective sieve retain proteins near cell surface
79. Archaea Morphology Other Cell Walls Natronococcus:haloalkalophilic species of Archaea glycoprotein cell wall contains L-glutamate as a single type of amino acid linking glucose and glucose derivatives
80. Archaea Crenarchaeaota: most thermophilicarchaea are found in this group. They use sulfur compounds as electron donors or as acceptors. Not all are thermophilic. Euryarcheota: methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles. Korarcheota; found in hot springs. None have been grown in pure culture.
81.
82. The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, USA, were among the first places Archaea were discovered. At left is Octopus Spring, and at right is Obsidian Pool. Each pool has slightly different mineral content, temperature, salinity, etc., so different pools may contain different communities of archaeans and other microbes. The biologists pictured above are immersing microscope slides in the boiling pool onto which some archaeans might be captured for study.
83. Salt-lovers : immense bloom of a halophilic ("salt-loving") archaean species at a salt works near San Quentin, Baja California Norte, Mexico. This archaean, Halobacterium, also lives in enormous numbers in salt ponds at the south end of San Francisco Bay; interested residents of this area should take the Dumbarton Bridge for the best views.
89. Plasma Membrane Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules Simple diffusion Facilitative diffusion Osmosis Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis: Pseudopods extend and engulf particles. Pinocytosis: Membrane folds inward bringing in fluid and dissolved substances.
90. Eukaryotic Cell Cytoplasm membrane:Substance inside plasma and outside nucleus Cytosol: Fluid portion of cytoplasm Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules Cytoplasmic streaming: Movement of cytoplasm throughout cells
91. Organelles Membrane-bound Nucleus: Contains chromosomes ER: Transport network Golgi complex: Membrane formation and secretion Lysosome: Digestive enzymes Vacuole: Brings food into cells and provides support Mitochondrion: Cellular respiration Chloroplast: Photosynthesis Peroxisome: Oxidation of fatty acids; destroys H2O2
92. Eukaryotic Cell Not membrane-bound Ribosome: Protein synthesis Centrosome: Consists of protein fibers and centrioles Centriole: Mitotic spindle formation