This document summarizes various bacterial, viral, protozoan, and parasitic diseases that can affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. It describes the pathogens, signs and symptoms, reservoirs, modes of transmission, treatments, and other details for conditions like rheumatic fever, anthrax, plague, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, and schistosomiasis. The document provides an overview of many infectious diseases that can spread through the blood and lymph and cause damage to heart, blood vessels, or lymph nodes.

2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
 Circulates substances to and
from the body cells
 Heart
 Blood (plasma and cells)
 Blood vessels
 RBC- carry oxygen
 WBC- body’s defence against
infection
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
 Transports fluid, fats,
proteins, and lymphocytes
to the bloodstream, and
remove microorganisms and
other debris from tissues
 Lymph (lymph capillaries)
 Lymph vessels
 Lymph nodes (B &T cells)
 Lymphoid organs
 Interstitial fluid

4. Bacterial Diseases of the
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

5. - Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
 Pathogen: gram- negative bacteria, gram- positive
bacteria
Infective bacteria cause RBC to lyse, the release of iron-
containing hemoglobin can result to accelerated microbial
growth.
 Signs and symptoms: fever, rapid heart or respiratory rate,
high count ofWBC, lymphagitis
( inflamed lymph vessels from
the site of infection)
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

6.  Pathogen: Streptococci (S. aureus)
 Symptoms: fever, general weakness, heart
murmur
 Transmission: arises from focal infection
elsewhere in the body such as tonsil and
teeth,
 Treatment: antibiotics
- pathogens released by tooth extraction or
tonsillectomies enter the blood and find their way to the
heart
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

7. Bacteria attach to the surface and multiply causing damage
that promotes vegetation where bacteria are being
protected.

8.  Pathogen: Group A beta- hemolytic
streptococci
 Symptoms: Arthritis, fever, damage to heart
valves, inflammation of the heart
 Prevention: penicillin to treat streptococcal
sore throat
- Immune responses to streptococcal
infections
- Leads to autoimmune complication (allergic
reaction to own body)
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

9.  A nodule caused by rheumatic fever

10.  Pathogen: Brucella ssp. (B. abortus, B. melitensis,
B. suis)
 Symptoms: Local Abscess (pus); undulating
fever (spikes each evening)
 Reservoir: Grazing animals
 Transmission: Direct contact
 Treatment: tetracycline, streptomycin
 Diagnosis: serological tests
- Bacteria enter through breaks in skin, reproduce in
macrophages, spread via lymphatics to liver, spleen, or bone
marrow
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

11.  Pathogen: Bacillus anthrcsis (endospores survive in soil for 60 years)
 Symptoms: Papule(cutaneous); bloody
diarrhoea (gastrointestinal
 Reservoir: soil, large grazing animals
 Transmission: direct contact (animal secretions),
ingestion, inhalation
 Treatment: Ciprofloxacin: doxycycline
 Diagnosis: isolating and identifying the
bacteria
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

12. Anthrax lesion. Swelling and formation of a black scab that forms
around the infection.

13.  Pathogens: Clostridium perfringens (anaerobic)
 Symptom: tissue death at infection site
 Reservoir: soil
 Transmission: puncture wound
 Treatment: surgical removal of necrotic tissue
- Soft tissue death from ischemia (loss of blood supply)
- Entrance through the wall of uterus during improperly
performed abortions
Bacterial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic

15.  Pathogen: Streptobacillus moniliformis,
Spirillum minus
 Symptom: fever, chills, muscle and joint pain,
rash in extremities
 Reservoir: Rats
 Transmission: Rat bites
 Treatment: Penicillin
Systemic Disease caused by Bites and Scratch

16.  Pathogen: Bartonella hensellae
 Symptoms: Prolonged fever
 Reservoir: Domestic cat
 Transmission: Cat scratch or bite
 Treatment: antibiotics
Systemic Disease caused by Bites and Scratch

17.  Pathogens: Yersinia pestis
 Vector: rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)
 Symptom: enlarged lymph nodes (buboes), skin
bruises
 Reservoir: rodents
 Transmission: fleas, inhalation
 Treatment: streptomycin, tetracyclin
 Diagnosis: isolating and identifying the bacteria
- from flea bite, bacteria enters the blood stream and proliferate in the
lymph and blood
- they have the ability to survive inside phagocytes rather than being
destroyed
Vector Transmitted Disease

19.  Pathogens: Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete)
 Symptom: bull’s eye rash, neurologic
symptoms
 Reservoir: field mice, deer
 Transmission: ticks
 Treatment: antibiotics
Vector Transmitted Disease

21.  Pathogen: Rickettsia (obligate intracellular
parasites )
 2 types:
1. EpidemicTyphus
2. Endemic Murine typhus
3. Rocky mountain spotted fever
- spread by arthropod vectors
Vector Transmitted Disease

22.  Pathogens: Rickettsia prowazekii
 Symptom: high fever, stupor (reduced consciousness,
difficulty in thinking), rash
 Reservoir: squirrels
 Transmission: Pediculus humanus corporis
louse (from the feces and rubbed into a
wound)
 Treatment: tetracycline, chloramphenicol
prevention: sanitation
Vector Transmitted Disease

23.  Pathogens: Rickettsia typhi
 Symptom: fever, rash
 Reservoir: rodents
 Transmission: Xenopsylla cheopsis flea
 Treatment: tetracycline, chloramphenicol
Vector Transmitted Disease

24.  Pathogens: Ricketssia rickettsii
 Symptom: rashes, fever, headache
 Reservoir: ticks, small mammals
 Transmission: Dermacentor ticks
 Treatment: tetracycline, chloramphenicol
- this parasite can pass from gen. to gen.
through their eggs (transovarian passage)
Vector Transmitted Disease

27. Viral Diseases of the Cardiovascular
and
Lymphatic Systems

28.  Pathogen: Epstein- Barr virus (EB virus)
 Symptoms:Tumor (leads to childhood cancer)
 Reservoir: Unknown
 Transmission: Unknown
 Treatment: Surgery
- it tends to occur in immuno-compromised
patients
Viral Diseases

30.  Pathogens: Chingkungunya virus
 Symptom: fever, joint pain
 Reservoir: humans
 Transmission: mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)
 Treatment: supportive
Viral Diseases

32. Protozoan Diseases of
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic
System

33.  Pathogens: Trypanosoma cruzi (flagellated protozoan)
 Symptom: damage to heart muscles or
peristaltic movement of gastrointestinal
track
 Reservoir: rodents, oppossums
 Transmission: reduviid bug (kissing bug) feces into
the bite wound
 Treatment: niturtimox , benznidazole
Protozoan Diseases

35.  Pathogen: Toxoplasma gondii (spore-forming protozoans)
 Symptoms: Mild diseases: initial infection
acquired during pregnancy can be damaging
to fetus: serious illness in AIDS patients ,
brain damage, vision problems
 Reservoir: Domestic cats
 Transmission: ingestion
 Treatment: Pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and
folinic acid
Protozoan Diseases

37.  Pathogens: Plasmodium ssp.
 Symptom: fever and chills at intervals of 2-3
days , vomiting, headache,
 Reservoir: humans
 Transmission: Anopheles mosquito
 Treatment: Chloroquine
Protozoan Diseases

39.  Pathogens: Lieshmania ssp.
 Symptom: L. donovani- systemic disease, L.
tropica- skin sores, L. braziliensis- disfiguring
damage to mucous membranes
 Reservoir: small mammals
 Transmission: sandfly
 Treatment: antimony compounds
- protozoa reproduce in the liver, spleen, and kidney
Protozoan Diseases

41.  Pathogens: Babesia microti
 Symptom: fever and chills at intervals
 Reservoir: rodents
 Transmission: Ixodes ticks
 Treatment: Atovaquone and azithromycin
Protozoan Diseases

42.  Pathogens: Schistosomiasis ssp.
 Symptom: inflammation and tissue damage
at site of granulomas – tumorconsiting a mass of granular
tissue(ex. Liver, lungs, bladder)
 Reservoir: definitive host: humans
 Transmission: cercariae penetrate skin
 Treatment: proziquantel, oxamniquine
prevention, sanitation, elimination of
host snail
Protozoan Diseases

43.  S. heomatobium- urinary schistosimiasis ,
inflammation of urinary bladder, ME, Egypt,
Africa
 S. japonicum- intestinal inflammation,Asia
 S. mansoni- intestinal inflammation,America,
Carrebean, Puerto Rico