Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Why is it that everyone is in the pursuit of the good life? One must find the truth what the good is before one can even try to locate that which is good.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
This is the first chapter of the course Readings in Philippine History as per the course guide from Commission on Higher Education.
Course sub-topics:
1. Meaning and Relevance of History
2. Distinction of Primary and Secondary source; External and Internal Criticism
Science, Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur; the consequences of these activities upon different groups of people.
Why is it that everyone is in the pursuit of the good life? One must find the truth what the good is before one can even try to locate that which is good.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
This is the first chapter of the course Readings in Philippine History as per the course guide from Commission on Higher Education.
Course sub-topics:
1. Meaning and Relevance of History
2. Distinction of Primary and Secondary source; External and Internal Criticism
Science, Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur; the consequences of these activities upon different groups of people.
LED Light for plant growth is the future focus and consideration looking at adverse weather conditions were leading to lower supplies of global agriculture production, damaging crops and sending agricultural commodity prices higher.
These slides are about the science and technology in the 20th century. This presentation also discusses the changes in the society particularly in the Western countries. It is based on the works of Peter Drucker's "Technology and Society in the 20th century" and Alvin Toffer's "The First, Second and Third Wave"
As the geographic territory under Roman control grew, the use of L.docxfredharris32
As the geographic territory under Roman control grew, the use of Latin as a common language also spread. In areas under Roman control, Latin was the spoken and written language of the courts and commerce, as well as the language of the Christian church. As the Roman Empire expanded, Latin served as a common language that allowed for people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to be able to communicate.
Latin, like other languages past and present, had more than one form and changed over time because it was both written and spoken, and the educational level or social status of the writer or speaker often determined the final form of the language. Latin was also influenced by local languages spoken or written within the larger territory under the influence of what later came to be known as the Roman Empire.
During the Carolingian Renaissance, throughout the reign of Charlemagne and his successors, the development of Latin literacy was greatly promoted. Although reading and writing were skills that some people had, literacy was not widespread before that time. Literacy in Latin was generally limited to people of the upper classes and members of the clergy. Charlemagne invited Alcuin of York to become his personal tutor and the head of his court school. Charlemagne charged Alcuin with the development of a literacy curriculum for children that would provide for their instruction in reading and writing, as well as for further study in the liberal arts and theology, thereby also furthering the Christian teachings that Charlemagne’s court promoted.
The promotion of literacy impacted education and language throughout the region. The demand for material relating to the interests of the ruling military class increased. Over time, vernacular languages, the languages commonly spoken, began to be used by writers. Until the 12th century, Latin was the primary language used by writers. French writers began the trend of using vernacular language in the 12th century, and by the end of that century, some government and legal documents in England and France were composed in the vernacular.
In the 12th century, literacy among women was also increasing. Though literacy in Latin was still somewhat limited to specific social classes, literacy in local vernacular languages was increasingly common. Eleanor of Aquitaine established the city of Poiters as a center for a literary movement focused on the art of courtly love. The troubadour and the female counterpart, the trobairitz, used poetry to share stories of romantic longing and unattainable love. This poetry represents the beginning of written expressions of love in the way romantic love continues to be perceived today. It focuses on the feelings associated with romantic love: longing, suffering, loss of appetite, temptation, loyalty, and a desire to do whatever possible to have the feeling of love reciprocated. As the poetry of the troubadour or trobairitz was recorded, it was written in the vernacular of the day. ...
TYPOGRAPHY 1 OVERVIEW (Intro to GD, Wk 4)Shawn Calvert
Week 4, Type Overview
Presentation from Introduction to Graphic Design, Columbia College Chicago. Much of the content taken from readings, including the textbooks: Timothy Samara's "Design Elements" and "Design Evolution." Other references cited in presentation. Please note: many slides are intended for class discussion and might not make sense out of context.
PAGE 15LECTURE 4THE TRANSITION FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN .docxalfred4lewis58146
PAGE
15
LECTURE 4
THE TRANSITION: FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN EUROPE (THE RENAISSANCE), 14th-17thCenturies
I. The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Learning (1300-1650)
A. The word “renaissance” means “rebirth” or “revival”
B. In history, this word refers to a 300-year period in
Europe that in Western Europe marked the revival of art,
literature and learning
1. It is significant that this revival served as a bridge, or
transition, between medieval and modern Western
Europe
2. We find a greater level of achievement and
European self-consciousness
C. Some historians have argued that this period represented a
sharp break with the past, while others have noted that the
change was more evolutionary or an outgrowth of the
Later Middle Ages
1. It is true that the Reinassance had roots in many
aspects of the medieval heritage, especially the
church-run universities of learning, the forms and
subject matter of literature, and the rudiments of
science
2. Of course, the emphasis of intellectual trends began
to change more noticeably after the 14th century
II. Distinctive Features of the Renaissance
A. It began with:
1. The rediscovery of the Greco-Roman civilization,
which had been generally neglected during the
Middle Ages
2. Emphasized reason, a questioning attitude,
experimentation, and free inquiry—in contrast with
the medieval concern with religious faith, authority,
and tradition
3. The Renaissance glorified the individual and
approved of worldly pleasures, viewing life as
worthwhile for its own sake, not chiefly as
preparation for the hereafter
4. Focused attention upon worldly matters arising out
of a secular society (secularization), rather than the
medieval preoccupation with the Roman Catholic
Church and religious affairs
5. Finally, the Renaissance featured great achievements
in literature, art, and science
III. The Renaissance Started in Italy
A. Arose first in Italian cities because:
1. As the center of Greco-Roman culture, Italy
contained sculptures, buildings, roads, and
manuscripts that excited curiosity about
classical (ancient) civilization
2. Located on the Mediterranean Sea, Italy had
absorbed stimulating new ideas from the Byzantine
and Muslim worlds
3. Benefiting from the revival of trade that resulted
from the Crusades in the Middle Ages, Italy had
wealthy, influential people who became patrons
(supporters) of literature, art, and science (much
later in history, it was the state and its governmental
structures that did the same thing)
a. Some examples of leading Renaissance patrons
included: certain Popes in Rome (Bishop of
Rome), wealthy .
Visual communication is the conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be seen. Visual communication in part or whole relies on eyesight.Visual communication is a broad spectrum that includes signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation, color, and electronic resources
This presentation is about Literature in Renaissance England. It explores key factors leading to this movement, its main features, magnificent writers and all their legacy.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
5. The shift from nomadic life to farming led to the
development of cities:
Network of transportations
Specialized labor
Government and religion
Social class
6. Nineteenth Century
Invention of textile manufacturing
machines
Division of labor
Increase in production
Crowded cities
Unsafe and unhealthy working conditions
8. HEALTH
Penicillin – Alexander Fleming
- Friday, September 28, 1928
- Penicillium notatum
- The challenge of mass-
producing this drug was
daunting. On March 14, 1942,
the first patient was treated for
streptococcal septicemia with
US-made penicillin produced
by Merck & Co
9. Major influence on Society
Egypt – papyrus and hieroglyphics
papyrus - a thick type of
paper made from the pith of
the papyrus plant, Cyperus
papyrus. Papyrus can also
refer to a document written
on sheets of papyrus joined
together side by side and
rolled up into a scroll, an
early form of a book
10. Papyrus
was first manufactured in Egypt as far back as the 4TH millennium BCE
The earliest archaeological evidence of papyrus was excavated in 2012 and
2013 at Wadi al-Jarf, an ancient Egyptian harbor located on the Red
Sea coast. These documents date from 2560–2550 BCE (end of the reign
of Khufu).
The papyrus rolls describe the last years of building the Great Pyramid of
Giza.
In the first centuries BCE and CE, papyrus scrolls gained a rival as a writing
surface in the form of parchment, which was prepared from animal
skins. Early Christian writers soon adopted the codex form, and in the Greco-
Roman world, it became common to cut sheets from papyrus rolls to form
codices
11. Hieroglyphs - a character
of the ancient Egyptian
writing system
a formal writing system used by
the ancient Egyptians that combined
logographic and alphabetic elements
Egyptians used cursive
hieroglyphs for religious
literature on papyrus and wood
Early hieroglyphs date back to
somewhere between 3,400 and 3,200
BCE and continued to be used up until
about 400 CE, when non-Christian
temples were closed and their
monumental use was no longer
necessary
12. Ancient Babylonia – cuneiform
one of the earliest systems of
writing, distinguished by
its wedge-shaped marks
on clay tablets, made by means
of a blunt stylus ( tool for
writing)
This was in use for more than
three millennia, through several
stages of development, from the
34th century BC down to the
second century CE
13. Ancient Greece – public speaking, persuasive rhetoric, drama, and
philosophy
Rhetoric - an art that aims to
improve the capability of
writers or speakers to inform,
most likely to persuade, or
motivate particular audiences
in specific situations. As a
subject of formal study and a
productive civic practice,
rhetoric has played a central
role in the European tradition
14. the study of rhetoric continued to be central to the study of the
verbal arts; but the study of the verbal arts went into decline for
several centuries, followed eventually by a gradual rise in formal
education, culminating in the rise of medieval universities
Late medieval rhetorical writings include those of St. Thomas
Aquinas (1225?–1274)
15. 17TH CENTURY
FRANCIS BACON (1561–1626) - contributed to the field in his writings
One of the concerns of the age was to find a suitable style for the
discussion of scientific topics, which needed above all a clear exposition
of facts and arguments, rather than the ornate style favored at the time
“The Advancement of Learning” criticized those who are preoccupied
with style rather than "the weight of matter, worth of subject, soundness
of argument, life of invention, or depth of judgment."
On matters of style, he proposed that the style conform to the subject
matter and to the audience, that simple words be employed whenever
possible, and that the style should be agreeable
16. Roman alphabet, is a writing system originally used to write
the Latin Language
The Greek alphabet has descended from
the Phoenician abjad while the Phoenician alphabet is derived
from Egyptian hieroglyphics
The Etruscans who ruled early Rome adopted and modified the
Cumaean Greek alphabet.
The Etruscan alphabet was in turn adopted and further modified
by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
ANCIENT ROME
18. It was not until the Middle Ages that the letter ⟨W⟩ (originally
a ligature of two ⟨V⟩s) was added to the Latin alphabet, to represent
sounds from the Germanic languages which did not exist in medieval
Latin, and only after the Renaissance did the convention of treating
⟨I⟩ and ⟨U⟩ as vowels, and ⟨J⟩ and ⟨V⟩ as consonants, become
established
the style of writing changed and varied greatly throughout the
Middle Ages, even after the invention of the printing press
19. MODERN EUROPE – THE PRINTING PRESS
one of the most influential
events in the second
millennium revolutionizing the
way people conceive and
describe the world they live in,
and ushering in the period of
modernity
invented in the Holy Roman
Empire by the German Johannes
Gutenberg around 1440
20. By 1500, printing presses in operation throughout Western
Europe had already produced more than twenty million volumes
In the 16th century, with presses spreading further afield, their
output rose tenfold to an estimated 150 to 200 million copies
In Renaissance Europe, the arrival of mechanical movable type
printing introduced the era of mass communication which
permanently altered the structure of society
21. Wine Press paper codex of the acclaimed 42-
line Bible, Gutenberg's major work
22. The Printing Revolution
The Printing Revolution occurred when the spread of the printing press
facilitated the wide circulation of information and ideas, acting as an
"agent of change" through the societies that it reached
In the period from 1518 to 1524, the publication of books in Germany
alone skyrocketed sevenfold; between 1518 and 1520, Luther's tracts
were distributed in 300,000 printed copies
The rapidity of typographical text production, as well as the sharp fall in
unit costs, led to the issuing of the first newspapers, which opened up an
entirely new field for conveying up-to-date information to the public
23. Tim Berners-Lee's vision of a global hyperlinked information
system became a possibility by the second half of the 1980s
(“mesh”)
By 1985, the global Internet began to proliferate in Europe
hypertext enthusiast, Robert Cailliau, published a more formal proposal
on 12 November 1990 to build a "Hypertext project" called
"WorldWideWeb" as a "web" of "hypertext documents" to be viewed by
browsers using a client-server architecture
MODERN WORLD – WORLD WIDE WEB