The Lymphatic and Immune System
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The document discusses the lymphatic and immune systems. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of organs and lymph nodes that distribute immune cells and drain fluid from tissues. The immune system fights off germs and bacteria using special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs. The document also discusses allergies, their causes and reactions, treatments for allergic reactions, Hodgkin's disease which is cancer of the lymphatic system, its signs and treatments, and sarcoidosis which is an inflammatory disease of the lymph system that affects organs.
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Lymphatic and Immune System terms
The document defines and describes terms related to the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses the functions of the lymphatic system in filtering and returning fluid, and the immune system's role in fighting disease. It then provides details on specific conditions like adenoiditis (inflamed adenoids), Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the lymphatic system), and sarcoidosis (growths of inflammatory cells in organs). For each, it covers symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and other key details.
Chapter 6 - Lymphatic and Immune System
This document provides an overview of the lymphatic and immune systems. It begins with an introduction to the lymphatic system, including its major organs and three key terms: autoimmune disease, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma. It then discusses the immune system and its organs, as well as three related terms: graft versus host disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. The document concludes with sections on important terminology related to these systems and references.
Lymphatic and immune systems presentation for chapter 6
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that helps maintain fluid balance and drains germs and infections from the body. It defends the body against viruses, bacteria, and fungi through lymph nodes. The immune system also protects the body by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. The presentation discusses Sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's Disease, and Hives. Sarcoidosis causes inflammation in lymph nodes and tissues. Hodgkin's Disease is a type of lymphoma that causes enlarged lymph nodes and other symptoms. Hives appear as raised, itchy lesions on the skin triggered by allergies or other causes.
Ch 6 presentation
The lymphatic system transports fluid and immune cells throughout the body to maintain fluid balance and defend against disease. Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma cancer originating from white blood cells that affects lymph tissue. Common symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Treatment depends on disease stage and may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that causes swelling. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery if abscesses form. The immune system defends the body through immune cells and responses that attack pathogens and causes of disease. Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer causing skin lesions and growths in
Descriptive terms of dermatopathology
The document defines and describes various dermatopathological terms including their diagnostic significance. It discusses terms like acantholysis, acanthosis, anaplasia, apoptosis, bullae, basal lamina, colloid body, crust, and curlicue pattern. Acantholysis involves loss of adhesion between keratinocytes. Acanthosis is an increase in epidermal cell layers seen in conditions like psoriasis and eczema. Anaplasia refers to abnormal nuclear features in malignant cells. Apoptosis describes programmed cell death seen in conditions like lichen planus.
Lymphatic and immune system
The lymphatic system filters and returns excess fluid to the circulatory system. It also transports fats from the digestive system. Organs include lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils. The immune system fights diseases and infections. Nosocomial infections are acquired in hospitals and include bacterial and fungal types. Symptoms include fever, breathing issues, and inflammation. Prevention involves hand washing and sterilizing equipment.
Acute inflammation
Acute inflammation is the early response of tissue to injury and is characterized by changes in the microcirculation such as increased fluid exudation and leukocyte emigration from blood vessels to the injured area. It is typically short in duration and aims to remove the injurious agent. The major causes include infections, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and burns. Acute inflammation exhibits cardinal signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function and involves vascular changes like increased permeability and blood flow as well as cellular components like leukocytes that release inflammatory mediators. The morphological patterns of acute inflammation depend on the type and extent of tissue response. Outcomes range from resolution to fibrosis, abscess formation, or progression to
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy refers to abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes. It has many potential causes including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and others. A thorough history, physical exam, and diagnostic workup are important to determine the underlying cause. On exam, characteristics of the enlarged lymph nodes like their size, mobility, tenderness, and location can provide clues to potential diagnoses. Further testing may be needed but often the cause can be identified based on historical and exam factors alone.
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Lymphatic and Immune System terms
The document defines and describes terms related to the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses the functions of the lymphatic system in filtering and returning fluid, and the immune system's role in fighting disease. It then provides details on specific conditions like adenoiditis (inflamed adenoids), Hodgkin's lymphoma (a cancer of the lymphatic system), and sarcoidosis (growths of inflammatory cells in organs). For each, it covers symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment options, and other key details.
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This document provides an overview of the lymphatic and immune systems. It begins with an introduction to the lymphatic system, including its major organs and three key terms: autoimmune disease, Hodgkin's disease, and lymphoma. It then discusses the immune system and its organs, as well as three related terms: graft versus host disease, Kaposi's sarcoma, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. The document concludes with sections on important terminology related to these systems and references.
Lymphatic and immune systems presentation for chapter 6
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that helps maintain fluid balance and drains germs and infections from the body. It defends the body against viruses, bacteria, and fungi through lymph nodes. The immune system also protects the body by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. The presentation discusses Sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's Disease, and Hives. Sarcoidosis causes inflammation in lymph nodes and tissues. Hodgkin's Disease is a type of lymphoma that causes enlarged lymph nodes and other symptoms. Hives appear as raised, itchy lesions on the skin triggered by allergies or other causes.
Ch 6 presentation
The lymphatic system transports fluid and immune cells throughout the body to maintain fluid balance and defend against disease. Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma cancer originating from white blood cells that affects lymph tissue. Common symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Treatment depends on disease stage and may involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi that causes swelling. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and surgery if abscesses form. The immune system defends the body through immune cells and responses that attack pathogens and causes of disease. Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer causing skin lesions and growths in
Descriptive terms of dermatopathology
The document defines and describes various dermatopathological terms including their diagnostic significance. It discusses terms like acantholysis, acanthosis, anaplasia, apoptosis, bullae, basal lamina, colloid body, crust, and curlicue pattern. Acantholysis involves loss of adhesion between keratinocytes. Acanthosis is an increase in epidermal cell layers seen in conditions like psoriasis and eczema. Anaplasia refers to abnormal nuclear features in malignant cells. Apoptosis describes programmed cell death seen in conditions like lichen planus.
Lymphatic and immune system
The lymphatic system filters and returns excess fluid to the circulatory system. It also transports fats from the digestive system. Organs include lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils. The immune system fights diseases and infections. Nosocomial infections are acquired in hospitals and include bacterial and fungal types. Symptoms include fever, breathing issues, and inflammation. Prevention involves hand washing and sterilizing equipment.
Acute inflammation
Acute inflammation is the early response of tissue to injury and is characterized by changes in the microcirculation such as increased fluid exudation and leukocyte emigration from blood vessels to the injured area. It is typically short in duration and aims to remove the injurious agent. The major causes include infections, tissue necrosis, foreign bodies, and burns. Acute inflammation exhibits cardinal signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function and involves vascular changes like increased permeability and blood flow as well as cellular components like leukocytes that release inflammatory mediators. The morphological patterns of acute inflammation depend on the type and extent of tissue response. Outcomes range from resolution to fibrosis, abscess formation, or progression to
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy refers to abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes. It has many potential causes including infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and others. A thorough history, physical exam, and diagnostic workup are important to determine the underlying cause. On exam, characteristics of the enlarged lymph nodes like their size, mobility, tenderness, and location can provide clues to potential diagnoses. Further testing may be needed but often the cause can be identified based on historical and exam factors alone.
Presentation 6
Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma cancer that affects the lymphatic system. Risk factors include certain viruses, a weakened immune system, age, and family history. It is diagnosed through blood tests, x-rays, and biopsy of lymph nodes. Treatment involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Hives are raised, itchy welts on the skin caused by allergic reactions. Treatment depends on severity but may include antihistamines, epinephrine shots, or steroids. Elephantiasis causes thickening of the skin and swelling, especially in the legs and genitals, due to parasitic roundworms spread through mosquitoes. It is diagnosed through blood tests and treated through medication and cleaning affected areas
Leprosy & Syphilis
This document provides information about leprosy (Hansen's disease):
1. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects the peripheral nerves, skin, and mucous membranes.
2. Symptoms can develop slowly over many years and result in skin lesions and deformities of the hands, feet, eyes, and ears.
3. Leprosy exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous forms depending on the immune response; it is diagnosed based on clinical features and confirmation with skin smears or biopsy.
Serous Inflammation
Serous inflammation is characterized by the effusion of non-viscous serous fluid rich in proteins but lacking white blood cells or neutrophils. This fluid dilution noxious agents and is produced by mesothelial cells lining body cavities. Examples include skin blisters, inflammation of body cavities like the pericardium and peritoneum, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute rhinitis or the common cold. Serous pulmonary alveolitis involves the accumulation of exudate in the pulmonary alveoli due to inhaled particles or spores.
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Lymphatic system and immune system discussion 6
Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes that causes swelling. It is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi near the site of infection. Symptoms include swollen and tender lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or pain medication. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymphatic system where cells grow abnormally. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and weight loss. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, or stem cell transplant. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes overproduce, forming tumors. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and night sweats.
Lymphadenopathy
Abu-alhassn haedar presented with swollen lymph nodes. Generalized lymphadenopathy affects multiple body regions while localized is limited to a single region. Enlarged lymph nodes can be caused by infections, inflammation, or hematological diseases like cancer. Distinguishing benign from more serious causes requires determining if the lymph nodes are painful, the rate of enlargement, associated symptoms, and evaluating potential local sources of infection or inflammation. Further questions are needed to identify any alarm symptoms.
Lymphangitis
Lymphangitis is inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes. Potential pathogens include bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Lymphangitis most commonly develops after cutaneous inoculation of microorganisms into the lymphatic vessels through a skin wound or a distal infection complication.
Management of Lymphadenopathy
This document discusses lymphadenopathy and provides guidance on evaluating lymph node enlargement. It defines lymphadenopathy and describes the lymphatic system. Common causes of peripheral lymphadenopathy include infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and granulomatous conditions. Parameters like age, location, character, and consistency of enlarged lymph nodes can help determine if the cause is likely benign or serious. An algorithm is provided for evaluating lymphadenopathy that includes taking a thorough history, physical exam, confirmatory testing, and indication for biopsy to establish a diagnosis.
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This document summarizes the key features of acute inflammation through diagrams and descriptions. It discusses how acute inflammation is marked by an increase in white blood cells. It illustrates the process of fluid exudation from blood vessels into tissues, aided by endothelial contraction and vasodilation. Various chemical mediators that promote these processes are listed. Examples are given of different types of fluid collections that can occur during acute inflammation, including edema, effusions, exudates, and transudates. Images show examples of these processes and collections in different body sites and cavities.
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This document summarizes dental considerations in autoimmune diseases. It discusses the concepts of immunity and autoimmunity. It classifies and describes common autoimmune diseases that can affect the oral cavity, such as Sjogren's syndrome, Mikulicz's disease, aphthous stomatitis, periodontal disease, pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid. For each condition, it covers etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. The document provides an overview of how autoimmune diseases can impact oral health.
Lymphadenitis
Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of infection from bacteria or viruses. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer. Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body's ability to fight off infections. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.
In some cases, the passage of time .Hard, swollen or tender lymph nodes
Itchy skin, Lump, or mass that can be felt beneath the skin, Rash
Redness, warmth or selling immune system disorders
Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the tissue that lines your joints (synovium)
Cancers
Lymphoma — cancer that originates in your lymphatic system
Leukemia — cancer of your body's blood-forming tissue, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system
Other cancers that have spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes
The lymphatic and immune systems
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems presentation summarizes the key functions and diseases of these systems. The Lymphatic System is made up of thin tubes that drain fluid from tissues back into blood and filter blood and lymph. The Immune System protects the body from infection through white blood cells, tissues, and organs. Some diseases that can affect these systems include elephantiasis, Hodgkin's disease, AIDS, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Elephantiasis causes limb swelling from parasitic worms. Hodgkin's disease is cancer of the lymphatic cells. AIDS weakens the immune system by attacking immune cells, leaving the body vulnerable to other illnesses.
Inflammation ospe rapid review
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Lymphatic and immune system.pptx presention 6
The lymphatic and immune system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and tonsils that collect excess fluid, transport substances around the body, and serve as the primary defense against pathogens. Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma originating in lymphocytes, characterized by orderly spread between lymph node groups and development of symptoms. It is treated with radiation and chemotherapy depending on factors like age and sex, and has a high survival rate if detected early. Sarcoidosis is a disease causing swelling in lymph nodes and organs like the lungs and liver, with symptoms varying by the affected areas. Its causes are unknown but may involve an extreme immune response to infection.
lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy refers to abnormal lymph nodes in size, number, or consistency. It can be generalized, affecting more than two lymph node groups, or localized to a single group. Generalized lymphadenopathy has many potential causes, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, metabolic disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and cancers like Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Regionally localized lymphadenopathy may be caused by infections or diseases affecting the local area, such as oral infections leading to submandibular lymph node enlargement. A dentist can examine for extraoral lymphadenopathy and make appropriate referrals for testing and diagnosis. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause rather than the lymphaden
Blood and the lymphatic and immune system
Hives are raised, itchy bumps on the skin caused by the release of histamine from mast cells. They can appear anywhere on the body and vary in size. Common triggers include medications, foods, stress, and cold or heat exposure. Mild hives may disappear on their own, while antihistamines can help reduce itching and swelling. Severe reactions involving throat swelling may require epinephrine or steroids.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph tissue. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss. Treatment depends on the stage and type of Hodgkin's and may involve radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) by damaging CD4+ T cells and weakening the immune system. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and toxoplasmosis. Management of HIV/AIDS focuses on preventing and treating infections early, providing nutritional support, and controlling symptoms like diarrhea. Antiretroviral drugs can suppress HIV but do not cure it, and treatment requires complex protocols with potential side effects.
Lymphadenopathy & splenomegaly
This document discusses lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It defines lymphadenopathy as abnormal lymph nodes in size, number, or consistency. Generalized lymphadenopathy is often caused by systemic disease while localized lymphadenopathy results from infection. Splenomegaly can be caused by hyperplasia, passive congestion, or infiltration. Common causes include infections, hematologic disorders, cancers, and circulatory issues. Physical exams and imaging tests can evaluate lymph nodes and spleen size.
Tuberculosis Clinico-Pathological Case Rationalization
1) Latent tuberculosis occurs when a small amount of TB bacteria are inactive in the body. Progression to active TB can occur if the immune system is weakened.
2) Miliary tuberculosis is a fatal form where the bacteria spread through the bloodstream, causing nonspecific systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss.
3) Symptoms of TB arthritis include slowly progressive joint pain, swelling, and loss of function over weeks to months in one or more joints. Constitutional symptoms occur in about 30% of cases.
Lymphatic and immune presentation
This document discusses various diagnostic procedures for testing blood and the lymphatic and immune systems. It describes the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests which are used to detect HIV. The Western blot is a backup test that can verify a positive ELISA result in 2-3 minutes with high sensitivity and specificity. Lymphangiography uses injected dye and x-rays to trace lymph flow through the chest. The monospot and scratch tests diagnose mononucleosis and allergies, respectively.
The Lymphatic And Immune System
The document summarizes the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses that the lymphatic system maintains fluid balance and immunity by returning fluid from tissues to the bloodstream. The immune system fights foreign substances through innate and adaptive defenses, including barriers, leukocytes, and acquired immunity. Lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils are involved. Phagocytosis by white blood cells helps destroy microorganisms. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymph nodes most common in young adults. Lymphedema is swelling from blocked lymphatic vessels and can be caused by tumors or cancer surgery.
Lymphatic system
The document describes the structure and function of the lymphatic system and immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils and other lymphatic tissues that work to remove excess fluid from tissues, absorb fatty acids, and transport white blood cells. The immune system protects the body from infection with non-specific defenses like skin and mucous membranes, and specific defenses like antibodies and lymphocytes that recognize and destroy pathogens.
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Presentation 6
Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma cancer that affects the lymphatic system. Risk factors include certain viruses, a weakened immune system, age, and family history. It is diagnosed through blood tests, x-rays, and biopsy of lymph nodes. Treatment involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Hives are raised, itchy welts on the skin caused by allergic reactions. Treatment depends on severity but may include antihistamines, epinephrine shots, or steroids. Elephantiasis causes thickening of the skin and swelling, especially in the legs and genitals, due to parasitic roundworms spread through mosquitoes. It is diagnosed through blood tests and treated through medication and cleaning affected areas
Leprosy & Syphilis
This document provides information about leprosy (Hansen's disease):
1. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects the peripheral nerves, skin, and mucous membranes.
2. Symptoms can develop slowly over many years and result in skin lesions and deformities of the hands, feet, eyes, and ears.
3. Leprosy exists on a spectrum from tuberculoid to lepromatous forms depending on the immune response; it is diagnosed based on clinical features and confirmation with skin smears or biopsy.
Serous Inflammation
Serous inflammation is characterized by the effusion of non-viscous serous fluid rich in proteins but lacking white blood cells or neutrophils. This fluid dilution noxious agents and is produced by mesothelial cells lining body cavities. Examples include skin blisters, inflammation of body cavities like the pericardium and peritoneum, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute rhinitis or the common cold. Serous pulmonary alveolitis involves the accumulation of exudate in the pulmonary alveoli due to inhaled particles or spores.
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This document discusses primary cutaneous lymphomas, specifically mycosis fungoides. It notes that mycosis fungoides accounts for about 50% of primary cutaneous lymphomas and presents as erythematous patches or plaques on the skin that can progress to tumors or generalized erythema. Diagnosis involves skin biopsy showing atypical lymphocytes in the epidermis and classification using the WHO-EORTC system. Prognosis depends on stage, with patch/plaque stage having the best survival and visceral involvement the worst. Treatment aims to control symptoms and involves skin-directed therapies like phototherapy or topical chemotherapy as well as systemic therapies for advanced disease.
Lymphatic system and immune system discussion 6
Lymphadenitis is an infection of the lymph nodes that causes swelling. It is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi near the site of infection. Symptoms include swollen and tender lymph nodes. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or pain medication. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymphatic system where cells grow abnormally. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes and weight loss. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation, or stem cell transplant. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes overproduce, forming tumors. Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, and night sweats.
Lymphadenopathy
Abu-alhassn haedar presented with swollen lymph nodes. Generalized lymphadenopathy affects multiple body regions while localized is limited to a single region. Enlarged lymph nodes can be caused by infections, inflammation, or hematological diseases like cancer. Distinguishing benign from more serious causes requires determining if the lymph nodes are painful, the rate of enlargement, associated symptoms, and evaluating potential local sources of infection or inflammation. Further questions are needed to identify any alarm symptoms.
Lymphangitis
Lymphangitis is inflammation of lymphatic channels due to infectious or noninfectious causes. Potential pathogens include bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Lymphangitis most commonly develops after cutaneous inoculation of microorganisms into the lymphatic vessels through a skin wound or a distal infection complication.
Management of Lymphadenopathy
This document discusses lymphadenopathy and provides guidance on evaluating lymph node enlargement. It defines lymphadenopathy and describes the lymphatic system. Common causes of peripheral lymphadenopathy include infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and granulomatous conditions. Parameters like age, location, character, and consistency of enlarged lymph nodes can help determine if the cause is likely benign or serious. An algorithm is provided for evaluating lymphadenopathy that includes taking a thorough history, physical exam, confirmatory testing, and indication for biopsy to establish a diagnosis.
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This document summarizes the key features of acute inflammation through diagrams and descriptions. It discusses how acute inflammation is marked by an increase in white blood cells. It illustrates the process of fluid exudation from blood vessels into tissues, aided by endothelial contraction and vasodilation. Various chemical mediators that promote these processes are listed. Examples are given of different types of fluid collections that can occur during acute inflammation, including edema, effusions, exudates, and transudates. Images show examples of these processes and collections in different body sites and cavities.
Autoimmune diseases
This document summarizes dental considerations in autoimmune diseases. It discusses the concepts of immunity and autoimmunity. It classifies and describes common autoimmune diseases that can affect the oral cavity, such as Sjogren's syndrome, Mikulicz's disease, aphthous stomatitis, periodontal disease, pemphigus, and bullous pemphigoid. For each condition, it covers etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. The document provides an overview of how autoimmune diseases can impact oral health.
Lymphadenitis
Swollen lymph nodes usually occur as a result of infection from bacteria or viruses. Rarely, swollen lymph nodes are caused by cancer. Your lymph nodes, also called lymph glands, play a vital role in your body's ability to fight off infections. They function as filters, trapping viruses, bacteria and other causes of illnesses before they can infect other parts of your body. Common areas where you might notice swollen lymph nodes include your neck, under your chin, in your armpits and in your groin.
In some cases, the passage of time .Hard, swollen or tender lymph nodes
Itchy skin, Lump, or mass that can be felt beneath the skin, Rash
Redness, warmth or selling immune system disorders
Lupus — a chronic inflammatory disease that targets your joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs
Rheumatoid arthritis — a chronic inflammatory disease targeting the tissue that lines your joints (synovium)
Cancers
Lymphoma — cancer that originates in your lymphatic system
Leukemia — cancer of your body's blood-forming tissue, including your bone marrow and lymphatic system
Other cancers that have spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes
The lymphatic and immune systems
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems presentation summarizes the key functions and diseases of these systems. The Lymphatic System is made up of thin tubes that drain fluid from tissues back into blood and filter blood and lymph. The Immune System protects the body from infection through white blood cells, tissues, and organs. Some diseases that can affect these systems include elephantiasis, Hodgkin's disease, AIDS, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Elephantiasis causes limb swelling from parasitic worms. Hodgkin's disease is cancer of the lymphatic cells. AIDS weakens the immune system by attacking immune cells, leaving the body vulnerable to other illnesses.
Inflammation ospe rapid review
My YouTube channel: " https://bit.ly/drabbasnaseem " Don't forget to Subscribe, Follow, Like, and Share :)
Connect with me:
https://www.youtube.com/c/DrAbbasNaseem
https://www.linkedin.com/in/drabbasnaseem/
https://www.instagram.com/drabbasnaseem/
https://twitter.com/drabbasnaseem
https://www.facebook.com/drabbasnaseem
Lymphatic and immune system.pptx presention 6
The lymphatic and immune system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland and tonsils that collect excess fluid, transport substances around the body, and serve as the primary defense against pathogens. Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma originating in lymphocytes, characterized by orderly spread between lymph node groups and development of symptoms. It is treated with radiation and chemotherapy depending on factors like age and sex, and has a high survival rate if detected early. Sarcoidosis is a disease causing swelling in lymph nodes and organs like the lungs and liver, with symptoms varying by the affected areas. Its causes are unknown but may involve an extreme immune response to infection.
lymphadenopathy
Lymphadenopathy refers to abnormal lymph nodes in size, number, or consistency. It can be generalized, affecting more than two lymph node groups, or localized to a single group. Generalized lymphadenopathy has many potential causes, including viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, metabolic disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, and cancers like Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Regionally localized lymphadenopathy may be caused by infections or diseases affecting the local area, such as oral infections leading to submandibular lymph node enlargement. A dentist can examine for extraoral lymphadenopathy and make appropriate referrals for testing and diagnosis. Treatment focuses on the underlying cause rather than the lymphaden
Blood and the lymphatic and immune system
Hives are raised, itchy bumps on the skin caused by the release of histamine from mast cells. They can appear anywhere on the body and vary in size. Common triggers include medications, foods, stress, and cold or heat exposure. Mild hives may disappear on their own, while antihistamines can help reduce itching and swelling. Severe reactions involving throat swelling may require epinephrine or steroids.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymph tissue. Symptoms include fatigue, fever, night sweats, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss. Treatment depends on the stage and type of Hodgkin's and may involve radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) by damaging CD4+ T cells and weakening the immune system. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and toxoplasmosis. Management of HIV/AIDS focuses on preventing and treating infections early, providing nutritional support, and controlling symptoms like diarrhea. Antiretroviral drugs can suppress HIV but do not cure it, and treatment requires complex protocols with potential side effects.
Lymphadenopathy & splenomegaly
This document discusses lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. It defines lymphadenopathy as abnormal lymph nodes in size, number, or consistency. Generalized lymphadenopathy is often caused by systemic disease while localized lymphadenopathy results from infection. Splenomegaly can be caused by hyperplasia, passive congestion, or infiltration. Common causes include infections, hematologic disorders, cancers, and circulatory issues. Physical exams and imaging tests can evaluate lymph nodes and spleen size.
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1) Latent tuberculosis occurs when a small amount of TB bacteria are inactive in the body. Progression to active TB can occur if the immune system is weakened.
2) Miliary tuberculosis is a fatal form where the bacteria spread through the bloodstream, causing nonspecific systemic symptoms like fever and weight loss.
3) Symptoms of TB arthritis include slowly progressive joint pain, swelling, and loss of function over weeks to months in one or more joints. Constitutional symptoms occur in about 30% of cases.
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The document summarizes the lymphatic and immune systems. It discusses that the lymphatic system maintains fluid balance and immunity by returning fluid from tissues to the bloodstream. The immune system fights foreign substances through innate and adaptive defenses, including barriers, leukocytes, and acquired immunity. Lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and tonsils are involved. Phagocytosis by white blood cells helps destroy microorganisms. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymph nodes most common in young adults. Lymphedema is swelling from blocked lymphatic vessels and can be caused by tumors or cancer surgery.
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The document describes the structure and function of the lymphatic system and immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils and other lymphatic tissues that work to remove excess fluid from tissues, absorb fatty acids, and transport white blood cells. The immune system protects the body from infection with non-specific defenses like skin and mucous membranes, and specific defenses like antibodies and lymphocytes that recognize and destroy pathogens.
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This document provides information about Burkitt lymphoma, a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It defines Burkitt lymphoma and discusses its epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation, investigations, staging, treatment, and prognosis. Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive high-grade B-cell lymphoma that is endemic in equatorial Africa and associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and malaria. It commonly affects children and presents with jaw swelling or abdominal masses. Treatment involves chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and intrathecal chemotherapy, which can cure over 90% of cases when caught early. Prognosis depends on tumor burden and ability to reduce tumor size.
Chikungunya
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Chikungunya fever
Dr. S.M. Joshi provides information on Chikungunya fever, caused by the Chikungunya virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Key points include:
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Respiratory System Notes
The document provides an overview of the human respiratory system, including its key functions, organs, and mechanics. The respiratory system functions to exchange gases, purify air, and produce sound. Its organs include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Within the lungs, gas exchange takes place in tiny air sacs called alveoli. Breathing is driven by the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, pulling air into and pushing air out of the lungs.
Presentation the lymphatic system
The lymphatic system carries a clear fluid called lymph throughout the body via networks of thin tubes. The lymph transports infection-fighting lymphocytes, removes infectious cells, and carries fats from the intestine to the blood. Key organs involved include the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. Lymph nodes and the spleen filter the lymph and blood, respectively. Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system that causes painless bumps in lymph nodes and general symptoms like fevers and weight loss. Treatment depends on the grade of lymphoma and may include waiting, radiation, or chemotherapy. Life expectancy with lymphoma varies significantly depending on the treatment received and response. Lymphatic obstructions can be caused by
Lymph and lymphatic system
The document provides an overview of the lymphatic system, including its history, development, components, and functions. It discusses how the lymphatic system developed from lymph sacs in the embryo and transformed into nodes. The key components are lymphatic capillaries that collect fluid from tissues, vessels that connect to nodes, ducts like the thoracic duct that return lymph to blood circulation, and lymphoid organs like the thymus, bone marrow, spleen and nodes that help fight infection. The lymphatic system works to remove excess fluid, distribute nutrients, and fight pathogens throughout the body.
Lymphatic System Notes
The lymphatic system functions to:
1) Transport clean fluids back to the blood from tissues;
2) Drain excess fluids from tissues; and
3) Remove debris from cells of the body.
Lymph is transported through lymphatic vessels in a passive, one-way system toward the heart, where it is returned to circulation. Along the way, lymph passes through lymph nodes which filter the lymph and provide an immune response. Other lymphoid organs like the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer's patches also contribute to lymphatic function and immune defense.
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Hodgkin's disease, also known as Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the white blood cells of the lymph nodes. There are two main types - classical Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Risk factors include age (15-40 and over 55), family history, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and compromised immune system. Symptoms include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both.
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The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph, and lymph nodes that collect and transport interstitial fluid and immune cells. The immune system includes the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and lymph nodes that work together to recognize pathogens and activate immune responses. Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects tissues and lymph nodes, with symptoms like shortness of breath. Allergies occur when the immune system incorrectly reacts to allergens, causing symptoms varying by type of allergy. Hodgkin's disease is a cancer of the lymphatic system that spreads from lymph nodes and causes fever, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes.
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This document discusses several diseases related to the lymphatic and immune systems. It begins by describing Hodgkin's lymphoma, noting it is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It then lists common symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes, and treatments which may include radiation, chemotherapy, or blood transfusions. The document also discusses hives, describing what they are and different types including physical and chronic hives. Finally, it covers sarcoidosis, explaining it is an inflammatory disease that can affect organs, and while the cause is unknown, symptoms may include shortness of breath or rashes.
Clinical pharmacy in Immunoallergology Medical diseases
Allergies are caused by an overactive immune system response to harmless substances called allergens. Common allergies include hay fever, asthma, eczema, and food allergies. When a person is exposed to an allergen, mast cells release histamine which causes symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and skin rashes. Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms to the potentially life-threatening condition of anaphylaxis. Treatment involves avoiding allergens and using medications like antihistamines to reduce symptoms.
Lmphatic And Immune
Hives, also known as urticaria, are raised, red, itchy welts on the skin that can appear and disappear. They are caused by an allergic reaction that triggers mast cells to release histamine and other chemicals. Common triggers include foods, medications, other allergens, and physical or environmental factors. While hives are usually harmless, in rare cases they can lead to anaphylactic shock which is a serious allergic reaction affecting the heart or lungs. The most common treatment is antihistamine medication.
Immuno disorders
The document discusses various types of immunodeficiency, hypersensitivity, and autoimmune disorders. It begins by defining the immune system and its subsystems. It then describes immunodeficiency disorders as primary, caused by genetic defects, or secondary, caused by illness, medications, or other factors. It classifies and explains various primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. The document also discusses hypersensitivity disorders like allergies and autoimmunity. It defines and describes different types of allergies and hypersensitivities like urticaria, anaphylaxis, and atopic disorders. It concludes by explaining specific conditions like contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and others.
Allergic disorder & homoeopathy management
This document discusses allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. It defines allergy as an immune reaction to substances that do not normally affect most people. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, pet dander, food, insect stings, and medicines. It describes the four main types of hypersensitivity reactions (Type I-IV) based on their mechanisms and time course. Type I reactions are immediate and can involve skin, eyes, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. The document outlines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks healthy cells and tissues. It most commonly affects women between 15-40 years old. Symptoms include painful joints, rashes, fatigue, and organ inflammation. The cause is unknown but genetics and environmental factors like sunlight play a role. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation with medications like NSAIDs, anti-malarials, and corticosteroids. Nursing care centers around managing symptoms, preventing infections and flares, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients on self-management.
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Lupus is an autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs. It affects women more than men and is characterized by periods of illness (flares) and wellness (remission). While the cause is unknown, genetics and environmental triggers likely play a role. Diagnosis involves reviewing a patient's medical history and symptoms and testing for autoantibodies and organ inflammation. Treatment aims to reduce symptoms and organ damage through medications like corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine. Prognosis varies depending on organ involvement but early detection and treatment can lead to near normal life expectancy.
Common diseases
SOME COMMON DISEASES
ANAEMIA
DIABETICS
ASTHMA
ALLERGIES
CANCER
THEIR SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTICS
PROCEDRE
TREATMENT
Sepsis
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection that can lead to organ dysfunction and death. It is a major cause of death in intensive care units. The incidence of sepsis is rising due to an aging population and increased use of invasive medical procedures and devices. Sepsis progresses through a spectrum from systemic inflammatory response syndrome to severe sepsis with organ dysfunction to septic shock with hypotension and perfusion abnormalities if not treated promptly.
Allergic Disorders In Children
Allergic disorders are common in children, affecting 15-30% globally. Allergies are caused by an inappropriate immune response to substances called allergens. Common allergic disorders in children include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, insect bites, food allergy, and anaphylaxis. Allergic reactions involve the release of mediators like histamine from immune cells. Treatment focuses on avoidance of triggers, antihistamines, and management of symptoms.
Non Communicable Disease
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Various rheumatological diseases
Rheumatological diseases can affect the joints, skin, and internal organs. Some common types include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, and spondyloarthropathies like ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatoid arthritis causes chronic inflammation of the synovium and can lead to joint deformity. Osteoarthritis is characterized by cartilage loss within a joint and associated bone changes. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multi-system autoimmune disease affecting many organs, with a variety of potential manifestations.
systemic erythematous,urtecariya
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. It commonly causes joint pain, rashes, and fatigue. It can also affect major organs like the kidneys, heart, and lungs. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms by reducing inflammation with medications like corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine.
Allergy elements
Allergy is a complication that occurs when the immune system overreacts to certain substances known as allergens
Screening for the immunological diseases
Immunodeficiency disorders usually result from use of a medication or from a long-lasting serious disorder (such as cancer) but occasionally are inherited.
People usually have frequent, unusual, or unusually severe or prolonged infections and may develop an autoimmune disorder or cancer.
Doctors suspect immunodeficiency based on symptoms and do blood tests to identify the particular disorder.
People may be given antimicrobial drugs (such as antibiotics) to prevent and treat infections.
Immune globulin may be given if there are too few antibodies (immunoglobulins) or they are not functioning normally.
For some severe immunodeficiency disorders, stem cell transplantation is sometimes done.
Immunodeficiency disorders impair the immune system’s ability to defend the body against foreign or abnormal cells that invade or attack it (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and cancer cells). As a result, unusual bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or lymphomas or other cancers may develop.
Another problem is that up to 25% of people who have an immunodeficiency disorder also have an autoimmune disorder (such as immune thrombocytopenia). In an autoimmune disorder, the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Sometimes the autoimmune disorder develops before the immunodeficiency causes any symptoms.
There are two types of immunodeficiency disorders:
Primary: These disorders are usually present at birth and are genetic disorders that are usually hereditary. They typically become evident during infancy or childhood. However, some primary immunodeficiency disorders (such as common variable immunodeficiency) are not recognized until adulthood. There are more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. All are relatively rare.
Secondary: These disorders generally develop later in life and often result from use of certain medications or from another disorder, such as diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders.
Lymphatic System
Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. It is characterized by swollen lymph nodes and symptoms like fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Doctors diagnose it through physical exams, blood tests, x-rays, and biopsy of lymph nodes. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. The ELISA test is a blood test used to detect antibodies and determine if a person has been exposed to pathogens like HIV. It works by detecting antibodies that bind to specific antigens coated on a plate. Hives are red, raised welts on the skin caused by an allergic reaction that releases histamine. Common triggers are foods, medications, insects and emotional stress. Treatment focuses on
Autoimmune disease and autoimmunity
Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy body tissues. This can lead to autoimmune diseases, which affect around 5% of people in developed countries. There are two main types of autoimmune diseases - organ-specific diseases that target a single organ, and systemic diseases that affect multiple organs. Some common autoimmune diseases include chronic thyroiditis, pernicious anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Many autoimmune diseases are treated with steroids or other immunosuppressant drugs to reduce immune system activity.
Mano allergy
Allergy is an exaggerated immune response to normally harmless substances. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold, food, latex, insect venom, and medicines. Symptoms vary based on the affected organ but may include sneezing, rashes, swelling, and respiratory issues. Allergies are diagnosed through tests of the skin, blood, or patches to identify specific allergens and treated by avoiding triggers, medications, or immunotherapy.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
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The Lymphatic and Immune System
- 1. The Lymphatic & Immune System Linda Khauv Biology 120 WW2
- 2. Lymphatic and Immune System Lymphatic System Consists of organs and lymph nodes Lymph fluids distributes immune cells and interacts with the circulatory blood system to drain fluid from cells and tissues Has immune cells that protect the body against viruses and bacteria Immune System Consists of special cells, proteins, tissues, and organs Fights against germs and bacteria Preventing infections
- 3. Allergy Allergy is the body’s reaction of the immune system when in contact with a foreign system Not everybody is allergic to the same substance Allergy (Allergen-producing) substances may include: Dust mites Pollens Certain foods Medications
- 4. Allergy Reactions and Causes Reactions usually occur at the: Eyes Nose Lungs Skin Stomach Allergic reactions and causes may differ for different people. It also depends on what they are allergic to. Symptoms for the allergic reaction varies.
- 5. Allergic Reactions Some allergic reactions and its symptoms are: Allergic Rhinitis: Runny, stuffy or itching of the nose, and itchy ears and throat Asthma: Shortness of breathe, coughing, wheezing and chest tightness Allergic Eyes: Watery, redness, or itchy eyes, Swelling of the membranes Allergic Eczema: Itching, redness or dry skin, face, eyes, elbow rashes and or rashes behind the knee or trunk of the body Hives: Raised red welts and intense itching The most severe reaction: Allergic Shock: Hives or reddish discoloration of the skin, Nasal congestion, Swelling of the throat, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, shortness of breath, wheezing, low blood pressure and or shock
- 6. Raised itchy welts on the skin’s surface This is an allergic reaction from food or medication.
- 7. Allergic Reaction Treatments Medications Antihistamine medications Benadryl Claritan Hydrocortisone Cream for inflammation of the skin or rashes Cold wet cloth or ice for small reactions Nasal corticosteroid sprays Epinephrine Corticosteroids Allergy shots Severe reactions Oxygen therapy for breathing difficulties Intravenous fluids to boost blood pressure from Anaphylactic shock Hospitalization
- 8. Hodgkin’s Disease It is Cancer of the Lymphatic System which is part of the immune system There are cells that may grow abnormally and can spread in the Lymphatic System making it harder for the body to fight infections There are two types: Hodgkin's lymphoma Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- 9. Signs and Symptoms Hodgkin’s symptoms may include: Painless swelling of lymph nodes Fatigue Fever Chills Night sweats Weight Loss Coughing Trouble breathing/chest pain Loss of appetite Itching
- 10. CT of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma This photo shows Hodgkin’s Disease before having Chemotherapy
- 11. Hodgkin’s Disease Treatment Treatment depends on : Treatment may include: The lymph nodes affected Stage of disease If both sides of your diaphragm are involved Your age Symptoms If you’re pregnant Overall health status Chemotherapy Radiation Bone Marrow Transplant Stem Cell Transplant
- 12. Sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of the lymph system where lesions may appear at the site of liver, skin, lungs, eyes, lymph nodes, and small bones of the hands and feet It may come from abnormal immune system response and may be from something airborne
- 13. Sarcoidosis Symptoms Systems vary depending on organ affected and length of time the disease have been in your system Symptoms may include: Fatigue Fever Swollen lymph nodes Weight loss Dry cough Shortness of breath Wheezing Chest pain Rash Lesions Skin discoloration Blurred vision Eye pain or redness
- 14. Sarciodosis Above picture shows Sarciodosis of the skin.
- 15. Sarcoidosis Treatment Sarcoidosis may disappear itself depending on its severity. Treatment is only needed if it is threatening to an organ Medication treatment: Corticosteroids: an anti-inflammatory drug Anti-rejection drugs: reduce inflammation by suppressing immune system Anti-malarial drugs: helpful for skin disease, nervous system, and high blood-calcium levels TNF-alpha inhibitors: treat inflammation Surgery: Organ transplant for severely damaged liver or lungs
- 16. Resources Fremgen, Bonnie F. & Frucht, Suzanne S. Medical Terminology: A Living Language. 4th edition. Prentice Hall Publishing,2009. Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2010. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hodgkins-disease/DS00186 Sarcoidosis. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2010 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sarcoidosis/DS00251> Szeftel, Alan, MD. Allergy/Allergies. MedicineNet, 2010. <http://www.medicinenet.com/allergy/article.htm> The Immune System. The Nemours Foundation, 2010. <http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html> Understanding the lymphatic system. Patients Against Lymphoma, 2004. < http://www.lymphomation.org/lymphatic.htm>
- 17. Photos Resources http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/01/health/adam/19325Hives.html http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/images/large_white-cells.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pet.radiology.uiowa.edu/webpage/Research/CaseStudies/HodgkinsBeforeChemo.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/pictures22/tray/Sarcoid-006.jpg