A microarray is a laboratory tool used to detect the expression of thousands of genes at the same time. DNA microarrays are microscope slides that are printed with thousands of tiny spots in defined positions, with each spot containing a known DNA sequence or gene.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biomedical Research (2014).
Session: 2.1.2- Next Generation Sequencing. Technologies and Applications. Part II: NGS Applications I.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) & High Technology Unit (UAT) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
whole genome analysis
history
needs
steps involved
human genome data
NGS
pyrosequencing
illumina
SOLiD
Ion torrent
PacBio
applications
problems
benefits
Original Next Gen Seq Methods set of slides prepared for Technorazz Vibes 2016. There is also a shorter version.
This starts with an introduction to qPCR followed by an introduction to Library Complexity. Microarrays are discussed as well along with a very short introduction to FISH. Finally discussion of Next gen seq methods is done where generation of sequencers are discussed and a short discussion of the ILLUMINA protocol. Finally comparison of ILLUMINA amongst other 3rd gen sequencer, description of the standard pipeline and the omics technologies that have risen from this seq data.
Course: Bioinformatics for Biomedical Research (2014).
Session: 2.1.2- Next Generation Sequencing. Technologies and Applications. Part II: NGS Applications I.
Statistics and Bioinformatisc Unit (UEB) & High Technology Unit (UAT) from Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (www.vhir.org), Barcelona.
whole genome analysis
history
needs
steps involved
human genome data
NGS
pyrosequencing
illumina
SOLiD
Ion torrent
PacBio
applications
problems
benefits
Original Next Gen Seq Methods set of slides prepared for Technorazz Vibes 2016. There is also a shorter version.
This starts with an introduction to qPCR followed by an introduction to Library Complexity. Microarrays are discussed as well along with a very short introduction to FISH. Finally discussion of Next gen seq methods is done where generation of sequencers are discussed and a short discussion of the ILLUMINA protocol. Finally comparison of ILLUMINA amongst other 3rd gen sequencer, description of the standard pipeline and the omics technologies that have risen from this seq data.
DNA Sequencing - DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cellAmitSamadhiya1
DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cell. It's figuring out the exact order of the building blocks that make up our DNA, represented by the letters A, T, C, and G. This order is like a code that tells our bodies how to function and grow.
By reading this code, scientists can understand genes, diagnose diseases, and even trace our ancestry. There are different ways to sequence DNA, kind of like having a few different ways to read a book. These techniques are constantly improving, making it faster and easier to unlock the secrets hidden in our DNA.
توثيق مراجع البحث العلمي على أنو: "إثبات ادلصادر البيانات وادلعلومات ونسبها إىلnedalalazzwy
عترب البحث العلمي ادلمنهج ذاك الذي يستويف يف مجيع مراحلو مراعاة معايري البحث العلمي ادلنهجي
خاصة فيما خيص األمانة يف اعتماد ادلراجع سواء كانت دراسات سابقة او مراجع لبعض االقتباسلت والعبارات
وزبتلف عملية التوثيق للمراجع باختالف مصدرىا ونوعها واختالف رلال زبصصها فتوثيق التت ملال خيتلف
عنو يف توثيق ادلقاالت الصحفية وخيتلف عن توثيق ادلواد االلتًتونية وىذه األخرية خيتلف يف توثيقها تبعا ألنواعها
ىي األخرى واذلدف من ذلك ىو حفاظ الباحث على سهولة العودة اىل ادلصادر وادلراجع ادلستخدمة بالنسبة
لقراء حبقو العلمي وىو أيضا من باب األمانة العلمية
A single nucleotide polymorphism (abbreviated SNP, pronounced snip) is a genomic variant at a single base position in the DNA. Scientists study if and how SNPs in a genome influence health, disease, drug response and other traits.
DNA Sequencing - DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cellAmitSamadhiya1
DNA sequencing is like reading the instructions inside a cell. It's figuring out the exact order of the building blocks that make up our DNA, represented by the letters A, T, C, and G. This order is like a code that tells our bodies how to function and grow.
By reading this code, scientists can understand genes, diagnose diseases, and even trace our ancestry. There are different ways to sequence DNA, kind of like having a few different ways to read a book. These techniques are constantly improving, making it faster and easier to unlock the secrets hidden in our DNA.
توثيق مراجع البحث العلمي على أنو: "إثبات ادلصادر البيانات وادلعلومات ونسبها إىلnedalalazzwy
عترب البحث العلمي ادلمنهج ذاك الذي يستويف يف مجيع مراحلو مراعاة معايري البحث العلمي ادلنهجي
خاصة فيما خيص األمانة يف اعتماد ادلراجع سواء كانت دراسات سابقة او مراجع لبعض االقتباسلت والعبارات
وزبتلف عملية التوثيق للمراجع باختالف مصدرىا ونوعها واختالف رلال زبصصها فتوثيق التت ملال خيتلف
عنو يف توثيق ادلقاالت الصحفية وخيتلف عن توثيق ادلواد االلتًتونية وىذه األخرية خيتلف يف توثيقها تبعا ألنواعها
ىي األخرى واذلدف من ذلك ىو حفاظ الباحث على سهولة العودة اىل ادلصادر وادلراجع ادلستخدمة بالنسبة
لقراء حبقو العلمي وىو أيضا من باب األمانة العلمية
A single nucleotide polymorphism (abbreviated SNP, pronounced snip) is a genomic variant at a single base position in the DNA. Scientists study if and how SNPs in a genome influence health, disease, drug response and other traits.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans, including as a source for tinder, traditional medicine, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as toxicity or infection.
Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabies in humans and animals. Rabies transmission can occur through the saliva of animals and less commonly through contact with human saliva. Rabies lyssavirus, like many rhabdoviruses, has an extremely wide host range.
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a technique that permits visualization of virtually many components in any given tissue or cell type. This broad capability is achieved through combinations of specific antibodies tagged with fluorophores. Consequently, the pos
fastidious organism is any organism that has complex or particular nutritional requirements. In other words, a fastidious organism will only grow when specific nutrients are included in its medium.
An antigen is any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. This means your immune system does not recognize the substance, and is trying to fight it off. An antigen may be a substance from th
Multiplex PCR is a technique whereby PCR is used to amplify several different DNA sequences simultaneously. It is a type of target enrichment approach. It was first described in 1988 as a method to detect deletion mutations in the dystrophin gene – the largest known human gene
Radio Immuno Assay, Immuno Fluorescent Test, Lab 4.pptxnedalalazzwy
A RIA is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of substances, usually measuring antigen concentrations (for example, hormone .
What is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay?
A laboratory technique that uses antibodies linked to enzymes to detect and measure the amount of a substance in a solution, such as serum. The test is done using a solid surface to which the antibodies and other molecules stick.
Infectious diseases can be viral, bacterial, parasitic or fungal infections. There's also a rare group of infectious diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
Classification of medical parasitology Lec.2.pptxnedalalazzwy
Parasitology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the biology of parasites and parasitic diseases, including the distribution, biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of parasites, including the host response to these agents.
What is toxoplasmosis? Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. While the parasite is found throughout the world, more than 40 million people in the United States may be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite.
Integrons are genetic elements that contain a site-specific recombination system able to integrate, express and exchange specific DNA elements, called gene cassettes. 5. The complete integron is not considered to be a mobile element as such as it lacks functions for self-mobility.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae are bacteria that can cause illness by damaging the lining of the respiratory system (throat, lungs, windpipe). People can have the bacteria in their nose or throat at one time or another without being ill. People spread Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria to others by coughing or sneezing.
Cloning is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things. Genes, cells, tissues, and even whole animals can all be cloned. Some clones already exist in nature. Single-celled organisms like bacteria make exact copies of themselves each time they reproduce.
A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends most of its time in what is called interphase, and during this time it grows, replicates its chromosomes, and prepares for cell division. The cell then leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis, and completes its division.
Polymerase chain reaction (abbreviated PCR) is a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, which can then be studied in greater detail.
Assay of sodium hydroxide solution.pptxnedalalazzwy
sodium hydroxide is useful for its ability to alter fats. It is used to make soap and as a main ingredient in household products such as liquid drain cleaners. Sodium hydroxide is usually sold in pure form as white pellets or as a solution in water.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Microarry andd NGS.pdf
1. DNA Sequencing (more)
• DNA sequencing is a laboratory technique used to
determine the exact sequence of bases (A, C, G, and
T) in a DNA molecule.
• The DNA base sequence carries the information a
cell needs to assemble protein and RNA molecules.
• The information is important to investigate the
functions of genes.
• The technology was made faster and less expensive
as a part of the Human Genome Project.
Genome.gov
Setia Pramana 1
4. DNA sequencing
• De novo genome sequencing
and assembly
chromosome
l
eukaryotic
viral
prokaryotic
2000 – draft human genome
sequence
2003 – completed (kind of)
Ensembl genomes:
- 69 higher animals +
other model animals
- 55 insects and lower
metazoans
- 39 plants
- 563 fungi
- Over 200 protist
species and subspecies
- Over 20 000 bacteria
species and subspecies
5. Genomics
• Area of genetics that concerns the sequencing and
analysis of an organism’s genetic information
• DNA sequencing + bioinformatics => sequence,
assemble and analyze the function and structure of
genomes (the complete set of DNA within a single cell
of an organism)
Bacterial genome
Human genome
6. The Human Genome Project
• First draft genome of human in 2001, final 2004
• Estimated costs $3 billion, time 13 years
• Used Sanger Sequencing
Today:
Illumina: 1 week, 9500$
Exome: 6 weeks*, $1000
Towards 1000$ genome
Setia Pramana 6
7. • Takes advantage of miniaturization to engage
in massively parallel analysis
– Essentially carrying out millions of sequencing
reactions simultaneously in each of 10 million tiny
wells
• Sophisticated computer analysis of huge
amounts of information allows “assembly" of a
given sequence.
Next (second) Generation Sequencing
8. NGS
• These techniques could be used to
– deal with similar problems than microarrays,
– but also with many other.
• They raised the promise of personalized medicine
• NGS technologies have been on the market only since 2004
• Have now largely replaced Sanger sequencing technologies (owing
to the ultra-high-throughput production/hundreds gigabases) .
• The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has
initiated the ‘personal genome sequencing’ era for both normal and
cancer genomes .
• Large-scale international projects such as the 1000 Genomes
Project and the International Cancer Genome Consortium
8
18. • Ancient DNA
• DNA mixtures from diverse ecosystems, metagenomics
• Resequencing previously published reference strains.
• Identification of all mutations in an organism
• Errors in published literature
• Expand the number of available genomes.
• Comparative studies
• Deciphering cell’s transcripts at sequence level
without knowledge of the genome sequence
• Sequencing extremely large genomes, crop plants
• Detection of cancer specific alleles avoiding traditional cloning
• Chip-seq: interactions protein-DNA
• Epigenomics
• Detecting ncRNA
• Genetic human variation : SNP, CNV (diseases)
19. • Degraded state of the sample mitDNA sequencing
• Nuclear genomes of ancient remains: cave bear, mommoth, Neanderthal (106 bp )
Problems: contamination modern humans and coisolation bacterial DNA
20. • Key part in regulating gene
expression
• Chip: technique to study DNA-
protein interaccions
• Recently genome-wide ChIP-
based studies of DNA-protein
interactions
• Readout of ChIP-derived DNA
sequences onto NGS platforms
• Insights into transcription
factor/histone binding sites in
the human genome
• Enhance our understanding of the
gene expression in the context of
specific environmental stimuli
21. • ncRNA presence in genome difficult to predict by
computational methods with high certainty because the
evolutionary diversity
• Detecting expression level changes that correlate with
changes in environmental factors, with disease onset and
progression, complex disease set or severity
• Enhance the annotation of sequenced genomes (impact of
mutations more interpretable)
22. • Extreme example: multiplexing
the amplification of 10 000
human exons using primers
from a programmable
microarray and sequencing
them using NGS.
23. • Characterizing the biodiversity found on Earth
• The growing number of sequenced genomes enables us to interpret partial
sequences obtained by direct sampling of specif environmental niches.
• Examples: ocean, acid mine site, soil, coral reefs, human microbiome which may
vary according to the health status of the individual
24. • Common variants have not yet
completly explained complex disease
genetics rare alleles also contribute
• Also structural variants, large and
small insertions and deletions
• Accelerating biomedical research
25. • Enable of genome-wide patterns of
methylation and how this patterns
change through the course of an
organism’s development.
• Enhanced potential to combine the
results of different experiments,
correlative analyses of genome-wide
methylation, histone binding patterns
and gene expression, for example.
27. DNA microarray is an innovative technology that
facilitates the analysis of the expression of
thousands of genes simultaneously.
The utilization of this methodology, which is
rapidly evolving, requires a combination of
expertise from the biological, mathematical and
statistical sciences.
28. • The rapid advance of genome-scale sequencing has
driven the development of methods to exploit the
information encoded by such genes and to define
their participation in physiological and disease
processes.
• Microarray technology seems likely to become a
standard tool for both molecular biology research and
clinical diagnostics. This could be achieved by the
systematic survey of RNA, DNA and even protein
variation.
29. • The main advantage of this high throughput
method is that it allows generating information
of thousands of genes in a single experiment.
• DNA microarray is thus the latest in a line of
techniques to exploit a potent feature of the
DNA duplex: the sequence complimentarity of
the two strands.
31. Building the chip
Arrayed Library
(96 or 384-well plates of
bacterial glycerol stocks)
PCR amplification
Directly from colonies with
SP6-T7 primers in 96-well
plates
Consolidate into
384-well plates
Spot as microarray
on glass slides
32. Spotted cDNA and Oligo
Glass Arrays:
Involves two dyes on the
same slide
• Red dye-Cy5
• Green dye-Cy3
• Control and
experimental cDNA on
same chip