Medicine 5th year, 1st 2 lectures (Dr. Rasool)
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The document discusses various tests used to investigate neurological diseases, including imaging tests like CT, MRI, X-rays; lumbar puncture to examine cerebrospinal fluid; nerve conduction and electromyography tests; evoked potentials; and specialized blood and biopsy tests. CT is useful for detecting tumors, hemorrhages, and fractures but has limitations. MRI provides better soft tissue contrast and avoids radiation. Lumbar puncture examines CSF for signs of infection or inflammation.
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Medicine 5th year, 1st 2 lectures (Dr. Rasool)
- 1. INVESTIGATION OF NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES: Dr Rasol M Hasan
- 14. clear right temporal sharp waves in two patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy
- 15. 10-second EEGs: Seizure Evolution N Pre During Post
- 25. Technique Principle Applications Advantages Disadvantages Comments X-ray radio-opaque tissues /substances (bone, calcium, metal, iodinated contrast) Plain X-rays CT Radiculography Myelography Angiography Widely available Relatively cheap Relatively quick Ionising radiation Reactions to contrast Myelography & angiography are invasive & carry risk Plain X-rays only used for showing fractures or foreign bodies CT is investigation of choice for stroke Intra-arterial X-ray contrast angiography still 'gold standard'
- 26. MRI depends on free hydrogen/water content; signals changed by movement (e.g. flowing blood) Structural imaging MRA Functional MRI MR spectroscopy High-quality soft tissue imaging Good views of posterior fossa /temporal lobes No ionising radiation Non-invasive Expensive Less widely available MRA looks at blood flow not vessel anatomy claustrophobic Pacemakers C/I. Increasing application Functional MR / spectroscopy.
- 27. U/S Echoes from high- frequency sound source localise structure; Doppler principle usedto measure flow rate Doppler Duplex scans Cheap Quick Non-invasive Operator-dependent Poor anatomical definition Useful as screening tool Increasingly used as basis for carotid endarterectomy
- 28. Radio- isotope Radio-labelled isotopes Isotope brain scan SPECT PET In vivo imaging of functional anatomy (e.g. ligand binding, blood flow) Poor spatial resolution Ionising radiation Expensive (especially PET) Not widely available Isotope scans now obsolete SPECT &PET used increasingly in management of epilepsy/ dementia
- 46. CSF PARAMETERS IN HEALTH & SOME COMMON DISORDERS
- 47. Glucose Glucose Normal Subarachnoid haemorrhage Acute bacterial meningitis Viral meningitis Tuberculous meningitis Multiple sclerosis Pressure 50-180 mm of water Increased N/increased Normal N/increased Normal Colour Clear Bloody/ Xanthochromic Cloudy Clear Clear/cloudy Clear Red cell count 0-4 *10 6 /l Raised Normal Normal Normal Normal White cell count 0-4 *10 3 /l N/slightly raised 1000-5000 polymorphs 10-2000 lymphocytes 50-5000 lymphocytes 0-50 lymphocytes Glucose > 60% of blood level N Decreased Normal Decreased Normal Protein < 0.45 g/l Increased Increased Normal/increased Increased N/increased Microbiology Sterile Sterile Organisms on Gram stain &/or culture Sterile/virus detected ZN or TB culture positive Sterile Oligoclonal bands Negative Negative Can be positive Can be positive Can be positive Often +ve.
- 48. Xanthochromic CSF in SAH:
Editor's Notes
- Slide 1 - Definition of Dementia Dementia refers to an acquired persistent loss of intellectual functions due to a brain disorder. This is not a normal part of the aging process, even though the vast majority of persons who experience a dementia are persons age 65 or older. Dementia is really a broad, umbrella term. A medical diagnosis is required to determine the underlying cause or causes of symptoms. In the past, terms like “senility” and “hardening of the arteries” were commonly used to describe dementia but do not accurately explain the disease processes at work.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.
- Slide 2 - Cognitive Functions Dementia typically unfolds gradually over a period of many years but it can begin abruptly. It affects some or all of the following brain functions: — Memory - The hallmark of dementia is impairment with respect to recent events, what is often referred to as “working memory.” Forgetting appointments, conversations, and the like typically herald the onset of dementia. New learning becomes defective whereas memories from the distant past may be intact. — Orientation - The inability to know one’s place and time may also be indicative of dementia - for example, getting lost outside one’s home or not knowing the month or year. — Language - Word finding difficulty is also typically seen among persons with dementia. Comprehension of spoken language may also be impaired. Rules of syntax and grammar may be impaired although speech itself may be intact. — Judgment - Reasoning skills, especially with respect to abstract tasks, are often impaired resulting in poor judgment. — Visuospatial skills - Distortions in interpreting one’s environment may also be seen in dementia. Although eyesight itself may be well preserved, the brain’s ability to accurately interpret what one is seeing may be impaired. — Concentration - The ability to pay attention or concentrate may also be impaired. This may be seen in difficulty with making change or balancing a checkbook. — Ability to sequence tasks - Performing any task requires the ability to put a series of steps together in the right order. Someone with dementia may forget the steps in preparing a meal or shopping for groceries.