Growth and development milestones from birth through age 5 are outlined. Growth refers to increases in cell mass and number, while development is the differentiation of functions. Key milestones are provided for gross and fine motor skills, communication/language, and cognitive/social development according to average ages. Growth is also defined for weight, height/length, and head circumference based on age.

1. Growth and development Dr.Adnan MH Hamwandi professor of pediatrics College of Medicine University of Sulaimany

2. Definitions Growth is increase in cell mass and number. Development is differentiation in function . Although they are presented separately, they are closely correlated entities.

3. Growth Weight average weight at birth 3.250Kg. 3 -12 months of age age (in months)+ 9 2 1 - 6 years age (in years) x 2 + 8 7 – 12 years age (in years) x 7 -5 2

4. Growth Height or Length average length at birth 50 cm at 1 year 75 cm. 2 – 12 years age (in years) x 6 + 77

5. Growth Head circumference average OFC at birth 35 cm. at 3 months 41 cm. at 6 months 44 cm. at 1 year 47 cm. at 2 year 49 cm. at 3 year 50.5 cm.

6. Development Developmental milestones in the first 2 years Gross motor average age head steady in sitting 2 mo. pull to sit, no head lag 3 mo. hands together in midline 3 mo. sits without support 6 mo. creep – crawl 7 mo.

7. Development( gross motor) pulls to standing, cruises 10 mo. walks alone 12 mo. runs 16 mo. goes upstairs alternating feet 30 mo. rides tricycle 36 mo. hops on one foot 48 mo. skips 60 mo.

8. Development Fine motor average age grasps a rattle 3.5 mo. reaches for an object 4 mo. transfers object from hand to hand 5.5 mo. thumb finger grasp 8 mo. turns pages of book 12 mo. scribbles 13 mo.

9. Development (fine motor) builds a tower of 2 cubes 15 mo. builds a tower of 6 cubes 22 mo. copies a circle 36 mo. copies cross and square 48 mo. draws triangle from copy 60 mo.

10. development Communication and language average age smiles in response to face or voice 1.5 mo. monosyllabilic babble 6 mo. Inhibits to NO 7 mo. follows one step command 10 mo. Speaks first real word 12 mo. Speaks 4-6 words 15 mo.

11. Development (language) speaks 10-15 words 18 mo. speaks 2 word sentences 19 mo. speaks 3 words together 24 mo. knows full name 30 mo. knows age and sex, count 3 no. 36 mo. tells a story 48 mo. names 4 colors, counts 10 no. 60 mo.

12. Development Cognitive and social average age stares momentarily at spots 2 mo. stares to own hand 4 mo. bang 2 cubes, avoid strangers 8 mo. uncover toy ( after seeing it hidden) 12 mo. egocentric pretend play 17 mo.

13. Development (cognitive and social) uses stick to reach toy 17 mo. pretend play with toy 17 mo. handles spoon well, helps undress 24 mo. plays simple games, washes hands 36 mo. plays with group, goes toilet alone 48 mo. dresses and undresses, ask questions about meaning of words 60 mo.