A map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of locations from the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into locations on a plane. Maps cannot be created without map projections.
Map projection is a systematic drawing of parallel of latitudes and meridians of longitude on a plane surface for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale so that any point on the earth surface may correspond to that on the drawing.
Maps cannot be created without map projections. All map projections necessarily distort the surface in some fashion.
Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties.
There is no limit to the number of possible map projections.
Photograph taken from an aircraft commonly termed as aerial photograph have come to play and ever increasing role in the execution in cartographic mapping in various scales and in evaluation of natural resources of a region. Uses of aerial photographs in other fields are also manifold; in fact the scope seems limitless.
A map projection is a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of locations from the surface of a sphere or an ellipsoid into locations on a plane. Maps cannot be created without map projections.
Map projection is a systematic drawing of parallel of latitudes and meridians of longitude on a plane surface for the whole earth or a part of it on a certain scale so that any point on the earth surface may correspond to that on the drawing.
Maps cannot be created without map projections. All map projections necessarily distort the surface in some fashion.
Depending on the purpose of the map, some distortions are acceptable and others are not; therefore, different map projections exist in order to preserve some properties of the sphere-like body at the expense of other properties.
There is no limit to the number of possible map projections.
Photograph taken from an aircraft commonly termed as aerial photograph have come to play and ever increasing role in the execution in cartographic mapping in various scales and in evaluation of natural resources of a region. Uses of aerial photographs in other fields are also manifold; in fact the scope seems limitless.
One of most important topics in ArcGIS and GIS, is coordinate system, the slides will cover this topic in order to understand the difference between various coordinate systems.
Types of Platforms
1. Airbrone Platforms
2. Spacebrone Platforms
Platforms are Vital Role in remote sensing data acquisition
Necessary to correct the position the remote sensors that collect data from the objects of interest
A coordinate system is a reference system used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations, within a common geographic framework.
Coordinate systems enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
When you georeference your raster data, you define its location using map coordinates and assign the coordinate system of the map frame. Georeferencing raster data allows it to be viewed, queried, and analyzed with your other geographic data. The georeferencing tools on the Georeference tab allows you to georeference any raster dataset.
In general, there are four steps to georeference your data:
Add the raster dataset that you want to align with your projected data.
Use the Georeference tab to create control points, to connect your raster to known positions in the map
Review the control points and the errors
Save the georeferencing result, when you are satisfied with the alignment.
This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
Different types of Important projection systems & Coordinate systems.Every country would like to represent it's self in true shape, if shape changes then size , area also changes so that leads to distortions on the global properties of a map like Distance,direction,shape ,Area. so no country or continent will never like to represent themselves distorted , so hundreds of projections were developed by counties across the world.
One of most important topics in ArcGIS and GIS, is coordinate system, the slides will cover this topic in order to understand the difference between various coordinate systems.
Types of Platforms
1. Airbrone Platforms
2. Spacebrone Platforms
Platforms are Vital Role in remote sensing data acquisition
Necessary to correct the position the remote sensors that collect data from the objects of interest
A coordinate system is a reference system used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations, within a common geographic framework.
Coordinate systems enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration.
Cartography is the art, science and technology of map making.
Maps are used as research tools and as sources of information.
Maps have existed since the time of the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations, with the latter maps dating back to 6000 years.
When you georeference your raster data, you define its location using map coordinates and assign the coordinate system of the map frame. Georeferencing raster data allows it to be viewed, queried, and analyzed with your other geographic data. The georeferencing tools on the Georeference tab allows you to georeference any raster dataset.
In general, there are four steps to georeference your data:
Add the raster dataset that you want to align with your projected data.
Use the Georeference tab to create control points, to connect your raster to known positions in the map
Review the control points and the errors
Save the georeferencing result, when you are satisfied with the alignment.
This presentation is about the raster and vector data in GIS which is important and costly as well, through the presentation we will learn about both type of data.
Different types of Important projection systems & Coordinate systems.Every country would like to represent it's self in true shape, if shape changes then size , area also changes so that leads to distortions on the global properties of a map like Distance,direction,shape ,Area. so no country or continent will never like to represent themselves distorted , so hundreds of projections were developed by counties across the world.
Coordinate system Geographical coordinate systemNaresh Kumar
UTm Universe transvers mercator, Geographic coordinate system
geoid, planar projection, cylindrical and conical projection, longitudinal, latitude, UTM zones 60 zones
Cartography is the science of map making related to geography, mathematics, geodesy, and human habitat, economy and society. Its a discipline developed during the early period of human civilization. With the development of science and technology, it has changed its paradigm twice. Its been digital, more integrated and very useful global media for communication.
This Presentation is to made concepts about measuring the earth (to locate position of any person on the whole earth). For this purpose we re going step by step basis in this presentation.These steps are mentioned as contents. After that you may able to learn about measuring a person's position of earth. Thank you!
Combined gis 2(GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM)musadoto
Distortions
• The earth is spherical, and a simple way of mapping it without distortion is to map it on a globe. However, mapping on globes is not possible.
• The transformation from the three-dimensional ellipsoid/sphere to the two-dimensional plane (flat) surface is not possible without some form of distortion.
• The distortions increase as the distance from the central point of the projection increases
• Areas smaller than 25 x 25 km:
No distortions
• Areas larger than 25 x 25 km:
Always distortions
• Map projections are used to control/minimize the distortions
Classification and properties of map projections
Properties of map projections
• Areas are everywhere correctly represented
• All distances are correctly represented
• All directions on the map are the same as on Earth
• All angles are correctly represented
• The shape of any area is correctly represented (e.g. a circle projected would remain a circle)
about the formation and causes and impacts of the cyclone formation in the earth. and cyclone formed in the INDIA region whole about the briefly explained about cyclone
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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2. Projecting is a science of converting spherical earth
surface to a flat plane
3. Introduction
No system can do this perfectly some distortion will
occur
Properties that distorted are angle, areas, directions,
shape
The term projection comes from the placing a light
source inside the globe and projecting the shadows of
the meridians and geographic features of globe.
Cartographers is one who prepares the maps.
4. types of projection
Cylindrical projection
Conical projection
Planar or Azimuthal Projection
6. Cylindrical projection
A cylinder is assumed to circumscribe a
transparent globe, so that the cylinder touches the
equator throughout its circumference. Assuming
that a light bulb is placed at the centre of the globe
is projected onto the globe, the graticle of the
globe is projected onto the cylinder. By cutting
open the cylinder along a meridian and unfolding
it, dividing into 360 equal parts.
7.
8. Conical projection
A cone is placed over a globe in such a way that the
apex of the globe is exactly over the polar axis. A cone
must touch the globe along a parallel of latitude,
known as the standard parallel, scale is correct and
distortion is the least. When the cone is cut open
along a meridian and laid flat, a fan shaped map is
produced
9.
10. Planar projection
Planar projection is also
called azimuthally projections, project map data onto
a flat surface. The simplest planar projection is
tangent to the globe at one point. Although the point
of contact may be any point on the earth's surface, the
north and south poles are the most common contact
points for most GIS databases. Other locations are
used primarily for specific applications, such a
navigation or locational inset maps.
11.
12. Distortion in map projection
All map projections involve some degree of
imprecision or distortion in one or more of the
characteristics of the globe
size (area) of land and water masses
shape of land and water masses
distance between two points
direction (N, S, E, W)
13. Common map projection
The Robinson projection is a map projection of
a world map which shows the entire world at once. It
was specifically created in an attempt to find a good
compromise to the problem of readily showing the
whole globe as a flat image
14.
15. Mercator projection
The Flemish geographer and mathematician Gerardus
Mercator (2522-2594) designed his projection in 2569
as a navigational aid for sailors. He wanted a map on
which a compass heading or line of constant bearing
would appear as a straight line. This property would
allow navigators to transfer compass headings directly
to the map and to directly measure course headings
between points shown on the map.
16.
17. UTM OF MERCATOR
The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) conformal
projection uses a 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate
system to give locations on the surface of the Earth. Like
the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is
a horizontal position representation, i.e. it is used to
identify locations on the Earth independently of vertical
position. However, it differs from that method in several
respects.
The UTM system is not a single map projection. The
system instead divides the Earth into sixty zones, each
being a six-degree band of longitude, and uses
a secant transverse Mercator projection in each zone.
18.
19. conclusion
Map projections and coordinate system in mapping are
important for position specification on the earth,
which is transferred to flat map. The coordinate
system enables us to know material’s point and
position on the earth through Meridian Line dividing
the earth into parts based on angular distance or
meridian called Geographic Coordinates.
