Mall architecture involves the creative design of malls and related structures. The goals are to make optimal use of space, create a good store environment for customers, increase foot traffic, and improve the mall's image. Key elements include store planning to efficiently allocate space and direct crowd flow. Common mall designs are the free flow layout, grid layout, and loop layout. Green architecture uses transparent materials to provide natural light. Upcoming trends include more convenient kiosks. Factors like the facade design, atriums, lighting, sound, and odors also affect the overall mall architecture.