The document discusses various aspects of designing and planning shopping malls including: 1) Defining shopping malls as privately owned public spaces designed for both business and public use. 2) Recommending design principles like amenities, accessibility, and safety to enhance business and public acceptance. 3) Providing guidelines for pedestrian access, signage, landscaping, and other facilities.

1. LITERATURE STUDY OF
SHOPPING MALL
SUBMITTED BY:-
ABHINITI GARG
ANURAG KAMAL
MANISHA JAIN
NAVDHA KABRA
SUCHAR SHARMA

2. DEFINITION
A shopping mall can be said to be a privately owned public space. It
is designed and constructed to profit financially the investors
concerned while at the same time it serves as a recreational and
shopping destination for the public. As such, the design principles
applied should enhance its success.
Success of a shopping mall can be described in two main aspects:-
i) Business success - This is the success of the tenants occupying
the investors asset thus assuring the investor in profit making,
and,
ii) Architectural success - This is the public acceptance of the space
that has been created once constructed.

3. Combining the two words, a shopping mall can therefore be
defined as a building or set of buildings that provide walkways for
the public to walk from one unit to another within the same
building/set of buildings as they go about their business of
exchanging goods and services for money.
POPULATION
Total population of Hisar: 256689 P
Total area of Hisar:984220.7 acres
Percentage commercial area (developed):0.7
Very small shopping center serve 250 to 300 families(i.e. 1125 P),
maximum of 500 families(2250P) considered necessary to support a
centre of from 10 to 12 shops in an area of 2-3 acres.
source: tcpharyana.gov.in

4. Design Checklist
Provide amenity through provision of:
• quality facilities, materials and design excellence
• vitality, color and interest
• personable spaces, scale and comfort
• comfortable street furniture and other facilities
• landscape that relates well to the built environment and is accessible
• legibility and ease for people to find their way around
• easily identifiable facilities
• design that facilitates effective maintenance of spaces and facilities
• safe spaces and facilities
• artwork providing vitality, colour and interest and providing cultural enhancement
• valued heritage including natural, social and built heritage
• a landscape design that is flexible to cater for changes in commercial and community uses.
Ensure good access by provision of:
• effective transport facilities, (particularly at town centres) safe, functional and attractive bus
interchanges, taxi rank areas and set down and drop off areas.
• improved pedestrian links with easy access from road and cycle networks and bus stops.
• access to and throughout the centre(s) without barriers, for all people regardless of their
disabilities (see Disability Discrimination Act 1992).

5. PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
Pedestrian movement needs to be studied and a hierarchy of entry points or ‘doorways’
established to provide defined ease of access plus an identifiable character for the
centre. Attention should be given to logical and well laid out integration and connection
with the adjacent spaces and a continuous path of travel. For safety reasons avoid
hidden doorways or alley type access points to collect people from the surrounding car
parks.
PAVEMENTS
Pavement may be used to direct people along pathways, to define or highlight areas, to
unify spaces and to provide interest and amenity. Artwork may be incorporated into the
paving. It is desirable to provide pavement materials and facilities that are easy to clean
and maintain, designed to resist vandalism and that resist damage from skateboarding.
Selection of the paving material should consider the porosity of the surface. Porous
surfaces are difficult to clean if dirt such as spilt drinks and chewing gum imbeds in the
surface.
SIGNAGE
The aim of signage design for shopping centres and other public urban spaces is to
improve name recognition and direction. It is necessary to provide materials that are
easy to clean and maintain and resist vandalism. Tactile signs are preferred for people
who have disabilities.

6. Signages
Colour Meaning or Purpose Instruction & Information Intrinsic Features Example
RED Prohibition/Danger alarm
Dangerous behaviour; stop;
shutdown; emergency cut-out
devices; evacuate
Round shape; black pictogram on
white background; red edging and
diagonal line; red part to be at least
35% of the area of the sign
YELLOWorAMBER Warning
Be careful; take precautions;
examine
Triangular shape; black pictogram on
yellow background with black edging;
yellow part to be at least 50% of the
area of the sign
BLUE Mandatory
Specific behaviour or action
e.g. wear personal protective
equipment
Round shape; white pictogram on
blue background; blue part to be at
least 50% of the area of the sign
GREEN
Emergency escape; first aid.
No danger
Doors; exits; escape routes
equipment and facilities
Return to normal
Rectangular or square shape; white
pictogram on green background;
green part to be at least 50% of the
area of the sign
RED(fire-fighting
signs)
Fire fighting equipment Identification & location
Rectangular or square shape; white
pictogram on red background; red
part to be at least 50% of the area of
the sign

7. PUBLIC TOILETS
Public toilet facilities in shopping centers need to be analyzed in terms of their adequacy
in lighting, disabled person access, suitability of location, safety and security factors. The
decision to replace or refurbish existing toilets at a shopping centre is generally
dependent on the available budget, the condition of the existing toilets, community
consultation outcomes and the availability of a suitable site. See Design Standard 18
Public Toilets. The reduction of public toilets and the inclusion of toilet facilities within a
private development should be considered with Planning and Land Management playing
an important role in the decision making process. Issues such as the viability of shopping
centers and business diversity will provide the necessary background information in
determining public toilet needs.

8. • Distance to exits
The maximum distance of travel from any point to
an exit or entrance to the mall shall not exceed
200 feet.
• Access to exits
When more than one exit is required, they shall be
so arranged that it is possible to travel in either
direction from any point in a mall to separate
exits. The minimum width of an exit passageway
or corridor from a mall shall be 66 inches(1.2m)

9. RECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT
a. Golf Course 5.0 spaces for every green.
b. Movie Theater 0.3 spaces for every seat.
c. Bowling Alley 5.0 spaces per lane.
d. Theater, Auditorium, or Arena 1.0 space for every three seats.
e. Tennis/Racquet Club 3.0 spaces per court.
f. f. Sports Club/Health Spa 5.0 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of GFA.
g. Roller or Ice Skating Rink 5.0 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of GFA.
h. Swimming Club 9.0 spaces per employee.
i. Park (5 - 10 acres) 1.0 space for the first two acres and 1.0 space for each
additional acre and additional parking must be provided for each additional
facility or land use constructed in the park as herein provided.
j. Park (over 10 acres) 5.0 spaces for the first acre; and 1.0 space for each
additional 10.0 acres; additional parking must be provided for each additional
facility or land use constructed in the park as herein provided.
k. Park Pavilion 1.0 space for each picnic table.
l. Sports Complex 1.0 space for every 40 square feet of seating.
m. Miniature Golf 1.0 space for each hole.
n. Driving Range (Golf) 1.0 space for each tee.
o. Arcade or Game Room 1.0 space for every 200 square feet of GFA.
p. Billiard Hall 2.0 spaces for every billiard table.

10. • Automatic sprinkler system
The automatic sprinkler system shall be complete and
operative throughout occupied space in the covered
mall. Sprinkler protection for the mall shall be
independent from that provided for tenant spaces. An
automatic sprinkler system shall not be required in
spaces or areas of open parking garages.
• Standby power
Mall buildings exceeding 50,000 sq ft shall be provided
with standby power systems that are capable of
operating the emergency voice/ alarm communication
system.

11. Children’s playground structures
Structures intended as children’s playgrounds that
exceed 10 feet in height and 150 sq ft in area
shall comply with the following:
• Materials- children’s playground structures shall
be constructed of non combustible materials.
• Separation- children’s playground structures shall
have a minimum horizontal separation from
other structures within the mall of 20 feet.
• Area limits- children’s playground structures shall
not exceed 300 sq feet.

14. 3

17. OBJECTIVES FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN
SHOPPING CENTRE
The general objectives are:
• to ensure that community issues and expectations are interpreted and
incorporated within the various proposals.
• to create or enhance an identifiable character for a town centre,
shopping centre or other public urban space precinct.
• to provide increased amenity for users and enhanced opportunities for
increased activity.
• to ensure linkages with nearby areas and neighbourhoods are fully
considered in the development of the works proposed.
• to improve the safety, function access and appearance of the area over
the expected life of the work and to provide an accessible environment.
• to provide best practice in environmental sustainability and balance
needs of culture, society, environment and the economy.
• to provide an accessible environment

18. RAMPS
• FOR CARS
Slope 1:10
• FOR PEOPLE
Slope 1:12-14
• FOR HANDICAPPED
Slope 1:16-18

19. Cinema Hall
• Parking
i. Normally 1 per 5 to 10 spectators.
ii.The size will depend on the location and the number of seats in the cinema hall,
the number of venues.
• An aisle should be of a maximum width of 1.2 m.
• Cafeteria/Waiting Area
i.The foyers are subdivided into actual foyer, cafeteria and a smoking area. An area
of foyer should be 0.8-2.0 m²/ spectator.
• Restrooms
i. Bathrooms should have a minimum of one fixture for every 25 people; these
should be allocated 65% for women and 35% for men.
ii.Rest rooms should be distributed in proportion to the seats at each level of the
cinema and also must provide accessible fixtures compliance with applicable codes
and regulations
iii.People should not have to travel more than one level up or down to get to the
restroom.
iv.Minimum width of 120cm for handicapped fixture inside the restrooms plus
handrails located on each wall.

20. • Seating arrangement
i.Seating must be designed such that all audience have a clear and
unobstructed view of the screen.
ii.The spacing between the end of the chair and the front of the
other should not be less than 45 cm. this spacing would provide a
clear space between the person’s knees and the back of the chair
in the next forward row. Also it will not require that a seated person
stand to permit passage of another person. Measurement from
seat’s back to the next seat’s back should be at least 90 cm.
iii.Spectators should sit within the outside edge of the screen.
iv.The floor gradient is achieved by an inclination of up to 10 % or
by the use of steps with maximum step height of 16 cm
v. Minimum Width of a seat – 23-24 cm.

21. • Screen
i.The height/side ratio should be 1:2.34. Screens should
be sound permeable to allow the sound to be transferred to the
audience (the main speakers are located behind the cinemascope
screen). The lower edge of the projection screen should be at least
1.20 cm above the floor. The screen should be curved with a radius
centered on the last row of seats.
ii.The viewing angle from the first row of seats to the centre of the
screen should not exceed 30 degrees.
iii.The viewing angle from the last row of seats to the centre of the
screen should not exceed 38 degrees.
iv.The angle from the last row of seat to the outer edge of the
picture should be at most 38 degrees.

22. • Sound
i.Walls and ceilings are made of non reflective materials
and not in too bright colors. The back wall of the
cinema should be sound absorbent to prevent echo
ii.The loudspeakers should be distributed around the
auditorium so that the volume differs between the first
and the last row of seats does not exceed 4dB.
iii.Sound dampers are provided in air ducts to reduce
noise from installed machinery into the air
conditioning rooms. The length of these in the
direction of air flow is1.5 to 3 m depending on the air
damping to be achieved.

23. • Lights
i.The cinema should have no outside light
• Staff / Storage Rooms
i. There should be a changing and rest room
for ushers and technical personnel with a
minimum width of 3 m.