Shopping centers

Shopping Centers
Planning & Design Data

Zoning & Planning Guideline
Stores & Supermarket
Circulation & Parking
Study Cases
Administration & Toilets
Cinema, Food court
Things To Cover :

Zoning & Planning Guideline
Gross leasable areas vary, many infilling centers fall
within 25 000 and 50 000 m2 GLA providing 40 to
100 units. New regional centers may provide up to
100 000 m2 GLA with 40 per cent allocated to large
space users (magnets).
Magnets (Hyper Market, Department store,
food court, Cinema or Entertaining zone)
are sited near the ends of malls and branches to
attract flows of shoppers past individual shops and
have an effective range of 90 to 120 m. It is not
practical to extend a mall more than 350 m

Stores design & layout
Structural models Width (m)
Small shops 5.3 to 6.0
Large-space users 7.3 to 9.2
Large-space users 3.6 minimum
5 m if the store include a mezzanine level
Clear ceiling Height(m) To underside of
beams
Small shops 3.3 to 3.8 Sales area
3.2 to 3.6 Non-sales area

Supermarket design & layout
• Free-standing supermarkets
average 2100 sq. m to 2900
sq. m.
• With 75 to 80 percent of the
total store devoted to selling
space.
• And the remaining 20 to 25
percent of floor space
devoted to service areas.
• Should be one of the project
magnets placed at the end of
a main corridor and
accessible to Parking.
• Columns should be kept out
of shopping aisles.

Cinema design & layoutCinema:
1-entrance hall
2-the main hall
3-Administration
4-Emergancy stairs
First: Entrance hall:
1-Clear access to the main reception
2-drinks stalls
3-box office
4-security room

Cinema design & layout
Second: Cinemas hall:
1-projection room
2-main hall
1-projection room
The projection room is no longer a continuously used
workplace for staff 1 m of space behind the projector and
at the operating side 2.80 m high ventilation ,noise
insulation to the auditorium side .projection rooms may
be combined foe several auditorium .
Film widths of 16 mm , 35mm 70mm .the centre of the
projected beam should not deviate more than 5 degree
horizontally or vertically from the centre of the screen ,or
it should be deflected via a deflection mirror.

The main hall
1-The amount of space required for each auditorium depends on a number of factors but
the figures below provide an approximate guide. The calculations are based on a modern
design using 1.10–1.20 metres from seat back to seat back and 550 – 600mm seat widths.
 200 seats: 270m² / 2,900 ft2
 150 seats: 190m² / 2,000 ft2
 75 seats: 125 m² / 1,350 ft2
The visibility profile in two angles a and b
Angle A : shifting position to look between heads
of row immediately in front of spectators over
all heads
Angle B: shifting position to look between heads
of two rows immediately in front of spectators
and over all other heads
Generally , the variables considered in determining these angles are:
-3’8” eye level in seated position

Third: Admistration
1-The director office must have
a direct access to the hall of
the entrance
2-rest rooms for both genders
3-the box office consists of
sales counter and must be
apparent in the entrance hall
Angle B: shifting position to look between heads
of two rows immediately in front of spectators
and over all other heads
Generally , the variables considered in determining these angles are:
-3’8” eye level in seated position
-5” minimum eye clearance
-row spacing and row rise

Food court design & layout
1-The Food Court shall be located adjacent to the
Theatres/Cinemas with direct visibility and in the
primary circulation to the Cinemas. The exits from all
the theatres should let visitors flow back and irrigate
the Food Court.
2- Location of Kiosks (60 sq.ft .each) at suitable
locations (preferable with full service & wet points);
also at the main entry points into the food court.
3-Atleast 2 nos. public escalators / lifts should get
the guests into the Food Court.
4-All the Food Tenancies should have a service
corridor, atleast 1500mm wide running behind the
shops

5-An Express Lift (dedicated) for ‘Home
Delivery’ operations connecting to the Lower
Ground Floor / Basement Stores to be
provisioned from the Food Court level. At least
one separate Freight Lift be also provisioned
for other Food Court Tenants.
6-Storage areas / Change Rooms / Locker
rooms for the Food Court staff be planned out
suitable during planning stages. This area
required shall be about 2500 sq.ft
7-Freezer Garbage to be close to the Service
lift.

2)parallel arrangement
2-Types of seat arrangement in food courts
1)minimal seating layout
Used in crowded courts or small ones

3)diagonal table arrangement
4) café arrangement

Circulation
• the most important elements
and play a big role in the
success or failure of the
project .
• You must achieve greater
comfort for users and higher
efficiency in use .

Circulation
Horizontal movement: -
- should lead ends of the trade corridor to the
elements of attraction marketing center.
- the height of corridors and passageways
shall be not less than 2.4 m.
-- It should not exceed the commercial
corridor of 250 meters and only shopper
will feel bored by the length of the
commercial corridor.
- Takes many forms trade corridors may
be written as straight in Velizy, Paris
center or written broken-shaped "L" or
by letter T or circular lobby surrounded
internal Mall.

Circulation
Vertical motion: -
the stairs:-
- The account number and it displays
the stairs of entries and exits to
delete a number of 33% for the
shelves and tables.
- 15 people is calculated for an area
of 70 m2.
- Diverge stairs houses a distance of
25-30 m.
- It can be used in drawers at the
same time such as the inclusion
escape, as observed in the
construction.
-- To be fire-resistant and resistant to
external factors.
-- Providing a range of services
including the elevators near the
bathrooms.
- Handrails shall be of a height not
less than 1000 mm and not
exceeding 1200 mm. There
shall be provisions of balusters
with maximum gap of 150 mm.

Circulation
-Pressurization of Staircases (Protected Escape Routes)
Pressurization is a method adopted for protected
escape routes against ingress of smoke, especially in
high-rise buildings. In pressurization, air is injected
into the staircases, lobbies or corridors, to raise their
pressure slightly above the pressure in adjacent parts
of the building. As a result, ingress of smoke or toxic
gases into the escape routes will be prevented.
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS:-
Exits shall be so located that the travel, distance
on the floor shall not exceed the distance of 30m. In
case of all mercantile building.

Circulation
Escalators:-
- Be necessary for the performance of 200 people per hour, and placed in the center of
the building and visually since the entrance and an inclination of 30, so that the
full-length features, speed and security, and the depth of the stairs 0.40 meters and
width of 0.60 meters and a speed of 0.5 m / s

Circulation
Inclined conveyors:-
- The transport of goods purchased by customers such as chairs and
strollers easily And disadvantages of belt conveyors it is possible to
be too long a degree far greater
than the escalator and to avoid
steep or severe tilt.

Circulation
Elevators:-
Less in the operating cost of the escalators Elevators are divided in terms of usage into four
main types:
• Lifts public and commercial purposes.
• elevators of residential buildings.
• Lifts official bodies and government departments.
• Lifts stores.

Parking
Car parking:
Car spaces per 100 m2 gross retail area:
Supermarkets, superstores 10–12 cars
Shopping centers 4–5 cars
Cinema every 5 chairs
requires 1 car space

Administration guide lines
1-Director office must have direct access to the
main lobby
2-employee offices may have direct access to
the parking
3-toilets for both genders

Organization of the administration plan

u
s
e
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s

Parc Central shopping centre
Architect: Benoy
Location: Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
Area: 110000.0 sqm
Project Year: 2016

content
1) site plan
2) Plans
3) civic design
4) Landscape
5) Symbolic architecture
6) Form
7) Environmental performance
8) Dynamic interiors
9) Transit Oriented Development

Site plan
• new typology to Pearl
River Delta city; a
‘Stadium for retail’
• ‘Stadium for retail’
uniquely blends the low-
rise above and below-
ground retail
• a multi-level parkland.
• Positioned along one of
the city’s major
thoroughfares

plans
 Escalators  Parking and
services
 Cinema  fashion  Lifestyle Food court and
entertaining area

courts and shops

Civic Design
• Located along the city’s ‘Green Axis’
• the vision for Parc Central was to form the focal point of this initiative and
create a new ‘Central Park’
• Much of the development has been placed underground to achieve this
and preserve the ground level environment.

• designed around an open parkland
environment.
• Two sunken landscaped courts allow
natural daylight
• varying levels and forms of greenery,
has created a place to socialize, rest
and relax
• The gardens, planted walkways and
living walls create an undulating green
space
• Columns sit a series of gardens which
extend the landscape element up the
building.
landscape

• low-rise building, standing 24m in height
• two levels above ground and three levels underground.
• Being lower than the surrounding buildings, the design called for an eye-catching
and powerful visual statement
Symbolic Architecture

• the architecture references
the ‘Double fish’ in the
form of a steel monocoque
roof structure.
• The two buildings curve
around the central gardens
and are joined by a
pedestrian bridge at one
end.
• The monocoque roof
canopies are supported by
tree-like columns beneath
Form

environmental performance
• Sustainably designed
• addition of a rainwater
collection system
• low-E glass façades
• The visually dramatic
ETFE sheltered trellis roof
is both an energy saving
screen and a sun-shade
for visitors.

Dynamic Interiors
• A neutral colour palette of white and reconstituted
stone creates a natural background for the mall
• showcasing its tenants and their merchandise to
maximum effect.
• fluid ceiling cove forms and
uninterrupted joinery along the
void edges.
• Large atriums punctuate the
retail journey and draw light
into the arcades.

Transit Oriented
Development
• accessible via China’s metro
system and bus network
• linked by overhead footbridges
to the district’s neighbouring
developments.
• The design enables the
development to function as a
multi-dimensional gathering
space with convenient
accessibility above, below and
at ground level.

Dilli haat /janakpuri
• A cultural hub for Indian arts and
crafts, Dilli Haat
• is conceived as a stylish boutique
bazaar
• multitude of facilities to support a
complete experience
• the concept of the Dilli Haat is
superimposed with music at this
site to enhance the experience and
give the haat a specific identity and
character

References
Textbooks :
1-”Metric handbook Planning And Design Data” 2nd edition, by David Adler,
22 Apr 1999.
2-”Time Saver Standards Building Types” 2nd Edition by Joseph De Chaira,
August 1, 1980.
3-”Neufert Architect's data” 3rd edition, by Ernst and Peter Neuter edited by
Boushmaha Baiche and Nicholas William.
Websites:
1- http://www.archdaily.com/791640/parc-central-benoy
2- http://www.lead-8.com/en/projects/detail.php?id=50
3- http://www.archdaily.com/777641/dilli-haat-archohm-consults

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