A 33-year-old male presents with symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations, and headaches for the past 2 weeks. Laboratory tests show macrocytic anemia. Macrocytic anemia is a type of anemia where red blood cells are abnormally large. It can be caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies, such as pernicious anemia which is an autoimmune disorder causing B12 malabsorption. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include B12 injections or oral supplements.
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
causes of macrocytic anemia pathopysiology, sign and symptoms and the difference between macrocytic anemia megaloblastIc anemia. causes of hypersegmented neutrophils and its association between them. investigation and medical management plus pictures illustration.
Aplastic anemia is one of the stem cell disorder which leads to pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and decrease production of all cell line in bone marrow. it require bone marrow transplantation to cure the patient.
Information about megaloblastic anemia and it's etiology and its classification.
Vitmain b12 deficiencies
Folic acid deficiencies
Signs and symptoms of megaloblastic anemia
Neural tube defects
This Presentation of Hemolytic Anemia try to cover important Hemato-pathological aspects of Red cell membrane disorders ( Hereditary Spherocytosis, others ) , Enzymopathies ( G6PD deficieny, others ) and Hemoglobinopathies ( Thallasemia, SCA) and their differentiation. References includes Robbins pathology, Wintrobes atlas and text, and others
Thrombocytopenia is most frequently encountered Hematological problem in hospitalized patients. The most common causes and differential diagnosis of In-patient and Outpatient presentations of Thrombocytopenia is discussed here. Useful for Internal Medicine Boards . Archer Internal Medicine Board review lectures will be released soon.
Hereditary spherocytosis is an inherited condition related to RBC destruction. its diagnosis is require to differentiate immune hemolytic anemia and G-6-P-D deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the formation of unusually large, abnormal and immature red blood cells called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which are released into the blood. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Megaloblastic anaemia is a red blood cell disorder due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis during erythropioesis.
Mitotically, the inhibition of the DNA synthesis impaires the progression of the cell cycle development from G2 to (M) stage.
Information about megaloblastic anemia and it's etiology and its classification.
Vitmain b12 deficiencies
Folic acid deficiencies
Signs and symptoms of megaloblastic anemia
Neural tube defects
This Presentation of Hemolytic Anemia try to cover important Hemato-pathological aspects of Red cell membrane disorders ( Hereditary Spherocytosis, others ) , Enzymopathies ( G6PD deficieny, others ) and Hemoglobinopathies ( Thallasemia, SCA) and their differentiation. References includes Robbins pathology, Wintrobes atlas and text, and others
Thrombocytopenia is most frequently encountered Hematological problem in hospitalized patients. The most common causes and differential diagnosis of In-patient and Outpatient presentations of Thrombocytopenia is discussed here. Useful for Internal Medicine Boards . Archer Internal Medicine Board review lectures will be released soon.
Hereditary spherocytosis is an inherited condition related to RBC destruction. its diagnosis is require to differentiate immune hemolytic anemia and G-6-P-D deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic anaemia is a type of anaemia characterized by the formation of unusually large, abnormal and immature red blood cells called as megaloblasts by the bone marrow, which are released into the blood. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Megaloblastic anaemia is a red blood cell disorder due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis during erythropioesis.
Mitotically, the inhibition of the DNA synthesis impaires the progression of the cell cycle development from G2 to (M) stage.
Vitamin B12 B6 Folic Acid Supplements Lexor HealthLexor Health
http://www.lexorhealth.com/t/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-b/vitamin-b6/p/Methyl-B12-B6-Folic-Acid-(60-tablets)-90690
No Shot Methylcobalamin Vitamin B12/Vitamin B6 w/Folic Acid Micro Tablets go to work fast, bypassing the digestive system as they are quickly absorbed directly into the body under the tongue. Other forms of Vitamin B12 supplementation can result in a loss of as much as 50% of Vitamin B12 potency in the high acid environment of the stomach. The combination of Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6 and Folic Acid works synergistically to support healthy heart function and provide essential nutrients for the cardiovascular system.*
Approach to Pancytopenia with cases.pptxYogeetaTanty1
Approach to pancytopenia with case based discussion and brief details regarding each condition. Causes of pancytopenia. Details of congenital causes of aplastic anemia.
anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Having anemia, also referred to as low hemoglobin, can make you feel tired and weak. There are many forms of anemia, each with its
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. SOEPEL
• Subjective: A 33 years old male presents to ER with
complains of easy fatigueability, SOB, palpitations, and
headache.
• H/O presenting illness: the symptoms started 2 weeks
ago and it was gradual in onset.
• No past medical or family history
3. • Objective: pulse: 78 bpm, RR: 20, BP: 130/ 90
• pale, tachycardia
• Evaluation: anemia, sleep apnea, medication side
effects.
• Plan: CBC, blood film
• Elaboration: If anemia B12 and Folate supplements
4. Definition
• A macrocytic anemia is a class of anemia in which
the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are larger than their
normal volume (>96 fl)
• Normal 76-96 fl
5.
6.
7.
8. • Pernicious anaemia (PA) is an autoimmune disorder in
which there is atrophic gastritis with loss of parietal cells
in the gastric mucosa with consequent failure of intrinsic
factor production and vitamin B12 malabsorption.
9. Clinical features
Signs of anemia
Lemon-yellow color in eyes
Glossitis
Angular stomatitis
Neuropathy
10. Symptoms (all non-specific)
■ Fatigue, headaches and faintness are all
very common
in the general population
■ Breathlessness
■ Angina
■ Intermittent claudication
■ Palpitations.
Signs
■ Pallor
■ Tachycardia
■ Systolic flow murmur
■ Cardiac failure.
Specific signs:
■ koilonychia – spoon-shaped nails seen in
iron deficiency anaemia
■ jaundice – found in haemolytic anaemia
■ bone deformities – found in thalassaemia
major
11. Haematological findings
■ Anaemia may be present. The MCV is characteristically > 96 fL unless there is a coexisting cause of
microcytosis when there may be a dimorphic picture with a normal/low average MCV.
■ The peripheral blood film shows oval macrocytes with hypersegmented polymorphs with six or more lobes
in the nucleus.
■ If severe, there may be leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
13. Treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency
• Hydroxocobalamin 1000 μg can be given IM to a total of 5–6 mg over the
course of 3 weeks.
• 1000 μg is then necessary every 3 months for the rest of the patient’s life.
• it is now recommended that oral B12 2 mg per day is given, as 1–2% of an
oral dose is absorbed by diffusion and therefore does not require intrinsic
factor.
• In elderly patients the use of sublingual nuggets of B12 (2 × 1000 μg daily)
has been suggested to be an effective and more convenient option.
14. Treatment of folate deficiency
• Folate deficiency can be corrected by giving 5 mg of folic acid daily.
• Treatment should be given for about 4 months to replace body stores.
• Any underlying cause, e.g. coeliac disease, should be treated.
• Prophylactic folic acid (400 μg daily) is recommended for all women
planning a pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects.
• Women who have had a child with a neural tube defect should take 5 mg
folic acid daily before and during a subsequent pregnancy.
15. MACROCYTOSIS WITHOUT MEGALOBLASTIC
CHANGES
• A raised MCV with macrocytosis on the peripheral blood film can occur
with a normoblastic rather than a megaloblastic bone marrow.
• A common physiological cause of macrocytosis is pregnancy.
16. Common pathological causes are:
■ alcohol excess
■ liver disease
■ reticulocytosis
■ hypothyroidism
■ some haematological disorders (e.g. aplastic anaemia,
sideroblastic anaemia, pure red cell aplasia)
■ drugs (e.g. cytotoxics – azathioprine)
17. • In all these conditions, normal serum levels of vitamin
B12 and folate will be found.