The lymphatic system is a closed system of lymph vessels that drains lymph fluid from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream. It consists of lymph capillaries that drain into larger vessels and ultimately form the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, which empty into subclavian veins. The lymphatic system helps fight pathogens through innate immunity as the first line of defense and acquired immunity developed by T and B lymphocytes, which provide cellular and humoral immunity through memory and plasma cells. Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells that help coordinate immune responses.
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymphatic or lymph system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called lymph. Lymph circulates through the body in a similar way to blood.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen. Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymphatic or lymph system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called lymph. Lymph circulates through the body in a similar way to blood.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen. Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory. The spinal cord is connected to the brain at the brain stem and is covered by the vertebrae of the spine.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
The lymphatic system is a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood cells, throughout the body.
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls most body functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech and memory. The spinal cord is connected to the brain at the brain stem and is covered by the vertebrae of the spine.
The urinary system, components, the urine formation process, The gross structure of the kidney, Microscope structure of the kidney, Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System
My Power Point Presentation on the Immune/Lymphatic Systems. The damn animations and emphasis' better work I have spent more time with them than adding the content.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. INTRODUCTION
Lymphatic system is a closed system of lymph channels or
lymph vessels, through which lymph flows.
It is a one-way system and allows the lymph flow from
tissue spaces toward the blood.
3. ORGANIZATION OF LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
Lymphatic system arises from tissue spaces as a meshwork of
delicate vessels. These vessels are called lymph capillaries.
Lymph capillaries are lined by endothelial cells. Capillaries unite to
form large lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic vessels become larger and larger because of the joining
of many tributaries along their course.
The structure of lymph capillaries is slightly different from that of
the blood capillaries. Lymph capillaries are more porous and the
cells lie overlapping on one another
4. DRAINAGE OF LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
Larger lymph vessels ultimately form the right lymphatic
duct and thoracic duct.
Right lymphatic duct opens into right subclavian vein and the
thoracic duct opens into left subclavian vein.
Thoracic duct drains the lymph from more than two third of
the tissue spaces in the body
5. DRAINAGE OF LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM
Lymph drainage. Blue area = Drained by right lymphatic duct;
Pink area = Drained by thoracic duct.
7. DEFINITION
Immunity is defined as the capacity of the body to resist
pathogenic agents. It is the ability of body to resist the
entry of different types of foreign bodies like bacteria,
virus, toxic substances, etc.
8. Types of Immunity
There are 2 types of Immunity:
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
9. INNATE IMMUNITY
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
Innate immunity is the inborn capacity of the body to resist pathogens.
By chance, if the organisms enter the body, innate immunity
eliminates them before the development of any disease.
It is otherwise called the natural or non-specific immunity. This type
of immunity represents the first line of defense against any type of
pathogens. Therefore, it is also called non-specific immunity.
10. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
Acquired immunity is the resistance developed in the body
against any specific foreign body like bacteria, viruses, toxins,
vaccines or transplanted tissues. So, this type of immunity is
also known as specific immunity.
It is the most powerful immune mechanism that protects the
body from the invading organisms or toxic substances.
Lymphocytes are responsible for acquired immunity
11. ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
TYPES
Two types of acquired immunity develop in the body:
Cellular immunity
Humoral immunity
Lymphocytes are responsible for the development of these
two types of immunity.
12. LYMPHOCYTES
The two categories are:
1. T lymphocytes or T cells, which are responsible for the
development of cellular immunity
2. B lymphocytes or B cells, which are responsible for
humoral immunity.
13. T - LYMPHOCYTES
T lymphocytes are processed in thymus. The processing occurs
mostly during the period between just before birth and few
months after birth.
Thymus secretes a hormone called thymosin, which plays an
important role in immunity. It accelerates the proliferation and
activation of lymphocytes in thymus.
It also increases the activity of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues.
14. TYPES OF T - LYMPHOCYTES
FOUR TYPES:
Helper T cells or inducer T cells. These cells are
also called CD4 cells because of the presence of molecules
called CD4 on their surface.
Cytotoxic T cells or killer T cells. These cells are
also called CD8 cells because of the presence of molecules
called CD8 on their surface.
Suppressor T cells.
Memory T cells.
15. B - LYMPHOCYTES
B lymphocytes were first discovered in the bursa of
Fabricius in birds, hence the name B lymphocytes.
Bursa is absent in mammals and the processing of B
lymphocytes takes place in liver (during fetal life) and bone
marrow (after birth).
16. Types Of B - Lymphocytes
After processing, the B lymphocytes are transformed into
two types:
1. Plasma cells.
2. Memory cells.
19. ANTIGENS
Antigens are the substances which induce specific immune
reactions in the body.
Antigens are of two types:
1. Autoantigens or self antigens present on the body’s own
cells such as ‘A’ antigen and ‘B’ antigen in RBCs.
2. Foreign antigen s or non-self antigens that enter the body
from outside.
20. CYTOKINES
Cytokines are the hormone-like small proteins acting as
intercellular messengers (cell signaling molecules) by binding
to specific receptors of target cells.
These non-antibody proteins are secreted by WBCs and some
other types of cells.
21. TYPES OF CYTOKINES
Depending upon the source of secretion and effects,
cytokines are classified into several types:
1. Interleukins
2. Interferons
3. Tumor necrosis factors
4. Chemokines
5. Defensins
6. Cathelicidins
7. Platelet-activating factor.