The circulatory and lymphatic systems work together to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, carbon dioxide, and waste throughout the body. The circulatory system is composed of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Blood is pumped from the heart through arteries and returns via veins. Gases and molecules are exchanged between blood in capillaries and tissues. The lymphatic system drains excess fluid from tissues, transports it via lymph vessels, and returns it to the blood. Lymph nodes along lymph vessels filter the lymph and harbor white blood cells that fight infection and disease. Together these systems maintain homeostasis by circulating nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

1. THE NUTRITION FUNCTION II
The circulatory and lymphatic
systems.

2. Internal environment.
 Environment that provides the cells with optimal
conditions to carry out their functions.
 Space between cells filled with intersticial
plasma.
 Blood renews plasma through the circulatory
system.

3. CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

4. What’s in
red blood cells white blood cells
platelets
plasma
carbon dioxide
digested “food”
waste (urea)
hormones
oxygen

5. • Transport: to and from tissue cells
– • Nutrients to cells.
– • Oxygen: by red blood cells (haemoglobin).
– • Wastes from cells: urea, CO2.
• Communication: hormones distributed to all parts of the
body in the blood.
• Temperature Regulation: by altering the blood flow
through the skin.
• Immunity: protection against pathogens — blood
clotting; phagocytes, lymphocytes and antibodies
distributed in blood.
• Defence: clotting following a wound.
Functions of Blood System

6. The Blood
plasma
red blood cell white blood cell
platelets

7. Plasma
A straw-
coloured
liquid that
carries the
cells and the
platelets
which help
blood clot.
• carbon dioxide
• glucose
• amino acids
• proteins
• minerals
• vitamins
• hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
It also contains useful
things like:

8. Red Blood Cells or ERYTHROCITES
They contain haemoglobin,
a molecule specially
designed to hold oxygen and
carry it to cells that need it.
They can change shape to
an amazing extent, without
breaking, as it squeezes
single file through the
capillaries.
A biconcave disc that is
round and flat without a
nucleus

9. White Blood Cells or LEUKOCYTES
There are many different types and all
contain a big nucleus.
The two main ones are the
lymphocytes and the macrophages.
Some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy
invaders by dissolving them.
Other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-
organisms .

10. Platelets or THROMBOCYTES
Platelets are cell fragments
off larger cells.
Platelets produce tiny
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.

11. The circulatory system carries blood and
dissolved substances to and from different
places in the body.
Function of the circulatory
system
BLOOD VESSELS
CIRULATORY
SYSTEM
HEART
+

12. The heart pumps blood and substances around the
body in tubes called BLOOD VESSELS.
The HEART has the job of pumping blood
around the body.
Vellosidad intestinal
Alvéolo pulmonar
Tejido Riñón
Alvéolo pulmonar

13. lungs
head & arms
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
pulmonary artery
aorta
pulmonary vein
Cava vein
LeftRight
How does this system work?
Circulatory System

15. Lungs
Body cells
Circulation is:
• Double: Blood travels twice
through heart to complete the whole
circuit.
• Complete: Oxygenated blood
never mixes with deoxigenated
blood.
• Closed: blood never leaves blood
vessels.

16. BLOOD VESSELS
blood from the heart gets around the body through them
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b. VEIN
c. CAPILLARY

17. The ARTERY
thick muscle and
elastic fibres
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure
the thick muscle can
contract to push the
blood along.

18. The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
thin muscle and
elastic fibres
veins have valves which
act to stop the blood
from going in the wrong
direction.
body muscles surround the veins so
that when they contract to move the
body, they also squeeze the veins
and push the blood along the
vessel.

19. The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
They exchange materials
between the blood and
other body cells.
The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.

20. A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

22. •How big is the heart?
•Where is the heart?

23. Explanation of Heart
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left
Atrium
Left
VentricleValves
The heart has 4 chambers:
2 on the Right: received blood and 2 on the left: pumps the blood out
How does the heart pump?
What kind
of blood
does each
side
pump?
Which
side of
the heart
is thicker

24. Real Heart

25. The Heart
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Tricuspid
valve
Vein from Lungs
Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs
Vein from Head and Body
Mitral
valve

26. How does the Heart work?
blood from the
body
blood from
the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
STEP ONE

27. The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO

28. How does the Heart work?
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
STEP THREE

30. LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM

31. The lymphatic system
It’s part of the circulatory
system, but:
 Lymph travels through
its own vessels.
 Lymph circulation isn’t
due to the heart’s
action.
 Lymph movement is
unidirectional.

32. LYMPH: lymphocytes +
intersticial plasma.
LYMPHATIC VESSELS:
closed on one end. They have
half-moon shaped valves.
LYMPHATIC ORGANS AND
TISSUES:
• Tonsils
• Adenoids
• Thymus gland
• Spleen
• Chyle cistern
LYMPH NODES: Make
lymphocytes and release lymph
plasma.
BONE MARROW: Generates
lymphocytes and other blood
cellular components.

33.  There are 600 to
700 lymph nodes
in the human body
that filter the
lymph before it
returns to the
circulatory system.
All lymph nodes
have the primary
function of the
production of
lymphocytes.
Lymph nodes

34. The spleen, which is largest
lymphatic organ, is located on the
left side of the body just above the
kidney. Humans can live without a
spleen, although they would be
more prone to infections.
Spongy inner tissue within the
spleen contains many tiny blood
vessels and hollow sinuses that
store blood. The spleen can
release its stored blood into
circulation to replace blood lost
during a traumatic injury.
Spleen.

35. The thymus, despite
containing glandular tissue
and producing several
hormones, is much more
closely associated with the
immune system than with the
endocrine system.
It stores immature
lymphocytes and prepares
them to become active T
cells (an extremely important
type of white blood cell). It is
located in the chest just
above the heart.
Thymus

36. Each tonsil consists of a network of crypts that store cells used to
fight infection; crypts where pathogens can be trapped and attacked by
immunity cells.
Tonsils
Tonsils are large
clusters of lymphatic
cells found in the
pharynx. The tonsils
are thought to assist in
protecting the body
against respiratory and
gastrointestinal
infections.

37. FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
 The primary function of the lymphatic system is to
transport lymph, a clear, colorless fluid containing
white blood cells that helps rid the body of toxins,
waste and other unwanted materials.
 Manteins a liquid balance in the internal environment.
 Plays a role in protecting the body.

38. From
the
artery
To the
vein
Lymph
vessel
Interstitial plasma
enters the lymph
vessel
Interstitial
plasma enters
the capillary
Capillar
Blood plasma
passes out the
capillary
Cell
Interstitial
plasma
Nutrient
s
O
2
C
O2
Plasma leaves
the cells once it
has delivered its
nutrients and
removed debris.
Most of this fluid
returns to the
venous
circulation
through the
venules and
continues as
venous blood.
The remainder
becomes lymph.
Process

39. From
the
artery
To the
vein
Lymph
vessel
Interstitial plasma
enters the lymph
vessel
Interstitial
plasma enters
the capillary
Capillar
Blood plasma
passes out the
capillary
Cell
Interstitial
plasma
Nutrient
s
O
2
C
O2
Lymph leaves the
tissue and enters
the lymphatic
system through
specialized
lymphatic
capillaries.
They join
progressively to
form larger ducts,
the lymphatic
veins, which lead
back to the veins of
the circulatory
system.
Lymph capillaries are BLIND. This means that they are closed at one
end, and instersticial plasma filters into them.
Process

41. There are two drainage
areas that make up the
lymphatic system.
 The right drainage area
handles the right arm
and chest.
 The left drainage area
clears all of the other
areas of the body,
including both legs, the
lower trunk, the upper left
portion of the chest, and
the left arm.
Collecting lymph.

43. Just for educational purpose.
Anaya digital.
Oxford CLIL 3 ESO Biology and Geology.
InnerBody http://www.innerbody.com/
Several images found by Google Images.
Sources.