Lesson 1 minerals and rocks notes
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Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and come in over 3,500 varieties. They form rocks through the rock cycle of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, and metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure.
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The document discusses minerals, their properties, and how they are classified. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid substances with a crystal structure. All minerals share common characteristics - they form through natural processes, are not living, have a definite shape and volume, and are made of elements or compounds arranged in repeating crystal patterns. Minerals are grouped based on their chemical composition, with the most abundant group being silicates like quartz and mica. Physical properties like color, luster, hardness, cleavage/fracture, and specific gravity can be used to identify different minerals.
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This document provides information about minerals and their properties. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solids with a crystal structure and definite chemical composition. Minerals form through crystallization as magma or solutions cool. They can crystallize on the surface through evaporation or underground as magma cools. The size of mineral crystals depends on the cooling rate, with slower cooling deep underground producing larger crystals. Minerals have many uses including in jewelry, metals, construction materials, and tools. Metals are extracted from ores through mining and smelting to remove the metal.
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The document summarizes key mineral properties including New Hampshire's state mineral (beryl) and gem (smokey quartz). It describes physical properties such as crystal shape, luster, color, streak, hardness, cleavage, fracture and specific gravity. It also discusses major mineral groups including silicates, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, phosphates and provides examples of minerals that fall within each group.
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This document provides an overview of mineralogy, which is the study of minerals. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid inorganic substances with a defined chemical composition and crystalline structure. Rocks are made up of aggregates of minerals, and the properties of rocks are determined by the minerals they contain. Minerals form through crystallization from magma or lava or by precipitation from solution. Minerals are identified based on physical properties like color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, and crystal form, which are determined by their internal atomic structure. Common minerals include quartz, feldspars, micas, calcite, pyroxenes, olivine, amphiboles, and iron oxides.
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3. Cleavage or fracture - whether a mineral breaks along flat planes or in jagged pieces.
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The document defines what minerals are and provides details on how to identify them. A mineral must be 1) natural occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid, 4) have a definite crystal structure, and 5) have a definite chemical composition. Key physical properties used to identify minerals include color, streak, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, density, transparency, crystal form, and tenacity. Minerals can be identified by observing these various physical characteristics.
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This document provides a review of minerals, rocks, and the processes involved in their formation. It defines key terms like monomineralic, polymineralic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Their texture depends on the cooling rate - slow cooling leads to large crystals and coarse texture, while rapid cooling results in small crystals and fine texture. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments transported by wind, water, or glaciers. They can also form through chemical or biological processes.
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The document discusses several key properties used to identify minerals, including:
1. Streak - the color of the powder a mineral leaves when scraped, which shows its true color.
2. Luster - how a mineral reflects light, either metallic, non-metallic, oily, or glassy.
3. Cleavage or fracture - whether a mineral breaks along flat planes or in jagged pieces.
It also covers density, hardness as measured by Moh's scale, and some additional properties like fluorescence, magnetism, and reactions to acid. Identifying these properties is important for determining what mineral a sample is.
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2) The properties include hardness (using Mohs scale), color, streak (powder color), luster (how it reflects light), density, crystal structure, and how it breaks.
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This document provides information on minerals, rocks, and their properties. It defines minerals as naturally occurring solid materials with a defined chemical composition and internal structure. The most common elements in Earth's crust are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium. Minerals are divided into silicate and non-silicate groups. Key silicate minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, pyroxene, olivine, and garnet. Non-silicates include carbonates, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, and native elements. Physical properties used to identify minerals include color, streak, luster, hardness, crystal shape, cleavage, fracture, and specific
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The document outlines specific learning outcomes for a lesson on rock types. At the end of the lesson, students will be able to: identify and describe the three basic rock types; describe how each rock type forms and define their environments of formation; describe how rocks are transformed through the rock cycle; and identify and describe different geologic processes in the rock cycle.
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This document discusses rock-forming minerals and mineral resources. It defines minerals as naturally occurring inorganic solids with crystalline structures and fixed or varying chemical compositions. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks and undergo geological processes to form rocks. Some rocks contain useful mineral resources like metals that are extracted. Metallic mineral resources include ferrous minerals like iron ore and non-ferrous minerals like gold and copper. Non-metallic mineral resources like coal, clay and salt are associated with sedimentary rocks. Examples of common rock-forming minerals discussed are quartz, pyrite and talc.
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Minerals and energy resources
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the topic minerals and energy resources... And this is a chapter of geography of class 10
Types of Minerals, Earth Science Lesson PowerPoint
This PowerPoint is one small part of the Geology Topics unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit consists of a five part 6000+ slide PowerPoint roadmap, 14 page bundled homework package, modified homework, detailed answer keys, 12 pages of unit notes for students who may require assistance, follow along worksheets, and many review games. The homework and lesson notes chronologically follow the PowerPoint slideshow. The answer keys and unit notes are great for support professionals. The activities and discussion questions in the slideshow are meaningful. The PowerPoint includes built-in instructions, visuals, and review questions. Also included are critical class notes (color coded red), project ideas, video links, and review games. This unit also includes four PowerPoint review games (110+ slides each with Answers), 38+ video links, lab handouts, activity sheets, rubrics, materials list, templates, guides, 6 PowerPoint review Game, and much more. Also included is a 190 slide first day of school PowerPoint presentation.
Areas of Focus within The Geology Topics Unit: -Plate Tectonics, Evidence for Plate Tectonics, Pangea, Energy Waves, Layers of the Earth, Heat Transfer, Types of Crust, Plate Boundaries, Hot Spots, Volcanoes, Positives and Negatives of Volcanoes, Types of Volcanoes, Parts of a Volcano, Magma, Types of Lava, Viscosity, Earthquakes, Faults, Folds, Seismograph, Richter Scale, Seismograph, Tsunami's, Rocks, Minerals, Crystals, Uses of Minerals, Types of Crystals, Physical Properties of Minerals, Rock Cycle, Common Igneous Rocks, Common Sedimentary Rocks, Common Metamorphic Rocks.
This unit aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards and with Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. See preview for more information
If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Thanks again and best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
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Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that make up rocks. Rocks can be classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on how they are formed. Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma either below or above the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction or cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, causing them to recrystallize without melting. Minerals can be identified based on properties like color, streak, luster, hardness, fracture, crystal form, specific gravity, and others.
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Lesson 1 minerals and rocks notes
- 1. Minerals and Rocks Understanding the Rock Cycle
- 2. What are minerals? • All rocks are composed of minerals • Minerals are naturally occurring, nonliving substances found on Earth. • There are about 3500 known minerals
- 3. About 20 minerals make up more than 95% of all of the rocks in the Earth’s crust
- 4. Chemical Composition Minerals have a definite chemical composition and structure
- 6. Heat and pressure Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Melting Deposition, Lithification and cementation Igneous Rock
- 7. How do minerals make rocks? New rocks are formed from volcanoes
- 8. Igneous Rocks Molten rocks cool and solidify to form igneous rocks
- 9. What happens over time?
- 10. Sedimentary Rocks • Sedimentary rocks are composed of the remains of older rocks and organisms. • It is in these rocks that we find fossils
- 11. How are they formed? The process of sediments being laid down Check out the link The process of particles and minerals layering and joining together to become one rock type Check out the link
- 12. What do they look like?
- 13. Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks can be formed from any other type of rock • The similarities are often uncanny…its just a little change • But How???
- 15. A little pressure and you’ll fold up like a metamorphic rock
- 16. Heat and pressure Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock Melting Deposition, Lithification and cementation Igneous Rock