The document provides instructions for a mineral identification lab, describing the key properties used to identify minerals: 1) Minerals are identified by their hardness, color, streak, luster, density, crystal system, cleavage/fracture, and special properties like fluorescence or magnetism. 2) The properties include hardness (using Mohs scale), color, streak (powder color), luster (how it reflects light), density, crystal structure, and how it breaks. 3) Students will use these properties to identify unknown mineral samples through a series of questions.

1. Warm Up – Page 26 What are the 5 characteristics of a mineral? Copy down today’s EQ and date on page 27. Turn in your syllabus (only the bottom portion) Have your notebook open to your vocab homework

2. How do we identify minerals? Mineral Identification Lab

3. Minerals are identified by their Hardness – a mineral can scratch any mineral softer than itself but will be scratched by a mineral harder than itself Mohs Hardness Scale – ranks minerals from softest to hardest on a scale of one to ten. Talc is the softest known mineral, and diamond is the hardest known mineral.

4. Hardness

5. Minerals are identified by their Color – some minerals are always the same color (sulfur is always yellow, malachite is always green and azurite is always blue ); most minerals come in a variety of colors

6. Color http://www.minresco.com http://www.gems-afghan.com http://www.globalcrystals.com http://www.prettyrock.com

7. Minerals are identified by their Streak – the color of a mineral’s powder; the color of a mineral’s streak does not change like the color of the mineral may

8. Streak test http://www.uky.edu/KGS Streak is the color of a mineral powder. Many minerals appear a different color when powdered than they do as a big piece. The color may be entirely different, or it may be a different shade. http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu

9. Minerals are identified by their Luster – how a mineral reflects light from its surface ; some ways to describe luster are shiny, earthy, metallic, waxy, and pearly

10. What is luster? Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch How do these look different? Courtesy United States Geological Survey Courtesy United States Geological Survey Each reflects light differently – that is luster! Which of these words would you use to describe these minerals? Glassy, metallic, dull, silky, waxy, pearly

11. Luster Waxy luster Glassy luster dull luster metallic luster metallic luster Glassy luster

12. Minerals are identified by their Density – all minerals have a characteristic density; no matter the size of the sample, its density will remain the same

13. Density How tightly packed the atoms are will make something heavy. Every mineral has its own density. These two items may have the same size – but do not weigh the same. Why?? Because the brick has atoms that are more tightly packed together than the styrofoam.

14. Minerals also have different densities. This means for equal size, they have their own special weight. http://www.palagems.com Which one is worth more? How could you tell? The first one is topaz (worth a lot) and the second is citrine quartz (not worth a lot). A scientist would measure their densities and they would be different!

15. Minerals also have different cystal patterns Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch http://www.wired-artist-jewelry.com http://webphysics.davidson.edu http://www.fabreminerals.com http://www.fabreminerals.com Crystal video clip

16. Minerals are identified by their Crystal System – the crystal structures are divided into six groups Cubic Hexagonal Tetragonal Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic

17. Another property is the way a mineral breaks. Cleavage means it breaks the same way every time. Fracture means it breaks in a random pattern that cannot be predicted. www.mrsciguy.com Calcite and halite break a special way. donsmaps.com www.visionlearning.com Quartz and chert break in a random pattern. There is not way to predict how they break.

18. Minerals are identified by their Cleavage and fracture – the way a mineral breaks apart helps us identify it Cleavage – splits apart along flat surface Fracture – breaks apart in an irregular way

19. Minerals are identified by their Special Properties – some minerals are identified by their special properties Fluorescence – minerals that glow under ultraviolet light Magnetism Radioactive Chemically Reactive Electrical Properties

20. Special Properties Magnetism Radioactivity Chemical Reaction Fluorescence Salty Taste But NEVER taste things in the lab! Double Image

21. Warm Up – Page 26 What are the 8 ways we can identify minerals?

22. Is Your Sample . . .? Metallic Non-Metallic

23. Streak Red/Red Brown Green/Brownish/Black Black

24. Your Sample Is Hematite – 3 Hematite is a compound – Fe 2 O 3 (iron and oxygen) Start Over

25. Your Sample Is Pyrite – 4 Pyrite is a compound – FeS 2 (iron and sulfur) Start Over

26. Hardness 6+ Penny (1-2)

27. Your Sample Is Magnetite – 14 Magnetite is a compound – Fe +2 Fe 2 +3 O 4 (iron and oxygen) Start Over

28. Luster Bright Metallic Dull Metallic

29. Your Sample Is Galena (7) Galena is a compound – PbS (lead and sulfur) Start Over

30. Your Sample Is Graphite – 9 Graphite is an element – C (carbon) Start Over

31. Color Yellow Other

32. Your Sample Is Sulfur – 8 Sulfur is an element - S Start Over

33. Hardness Fingernail Penny 6+

34. Your Sample Is Calcite – 5 Calcite is a compound – CaCO 3 (calcium, carbon, and oxygen) Start Over

35. Luster Glassy Pearly

36. Color Colorless/White Brownish

37. Your Sample Is Halite – 15 Halite is a compound – NaCl (Sodium and Chloride – salt) Start Over

38. Your Sample Is Muscavite Mica – 2 Muscavite Mica is a compound – KAl 2 (Si 3 AlO 10 )(OH,F) 2 (Potassium, Aluminum, Silicon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Fluorine) Start Over

39. Color Pale Green/Gray/White Colorless/White

40. Your Sample Is Talc – 13 Talc is a compound – Mg 9 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 4 (magnesium, silicon, oxygen, hydrogen) Start Over

41. Your Sample Is Gypsum – 12 Gypsum is a compound – CaSO 4 *2H 2 O (Calcium, Sulfur, Oxygen, Hydride) Start Over

42. Luster Glassy Pearly

43. Your Sample Is Microcline Feldspar Microcline Feldspar is a compound – KAlSi 3 O 8 (Potassium, Aluminum, Silicon, and Oxygen) Start Over

44. Your Sample Is Quartz Color – Clear/colorless – Rock Quartz – 10 Color – Pink – Rose Quartz – 6 Quartz is a compound – SiO 2 (Silicon and Oxygen) Start Over

45. Conclusion – Page 26 Out activity What was the easiest mineral property to identify? What was the hardest mineral property to identify? What did you learn from this lab? Write a haiku about minerals. A haiku is a three line poem with 7 syllables in the first line, 5 in the second, and 7 in the third. It does not rhyme.