ENDOGENIC PROCESS

1. ENDOGENIC PROCESSES
THE PROCESSES WITHIN

2. What is Endogenic Process?
 Endogenic Processes are geological processes that
occur beneath the surface of the Earth.
 It is associated with energy originating in the
interior of the solid earth.
 The ground we live on is moving all the time. The
Forces within the earth that cause the ground to
move are called ENDOGENIC FORCES.

3. How does Endogenic Process works?
 When the ground moves, Rock layers at the
surface of the earth are broken, twisted and
shaken.
 Land is destroyed in many places and created
in other places.
 When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces
we call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.

4. The Main Endogenic Processes
 The Main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING &
FAULTING or Tectonic Movements.
 They take place mainly along the plate boundaries, which
are the zones that are not stable.
 Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.

5. FOLDING
 When two forces push towards each other
from opposite sides, the rock layers will bend
into folds.
 The process by which folds are formed are
due to compressional forces known as
folding.
 There are large-scale and small-scale folds.
Large-scale folds are found mainly along
destructive plate boundaries

6. Illustration: Folding

7. FAULTING
 Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle
rock strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or
compression.
 A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
 The process of forming a fault is faulting.
 The line of fault which appears on land surface is known
as fault line.
 These lines are often lines of weakness which allow
molten rock to rise up onto the earth surface when there is
active volcanic activity nearby.

8. TYPES OF FAULTING
 There are three types of fault which are caused by
different endogenic forces:
 Normal fault (Convergence)
 Reverse fault (Divergence)
 Tear fault (Transform)
 Faulting forms two major landforms - block
mountains and rift valleys.

10. Other Endogenic Processes
(Subsequent)
These are Endogenic Processes that are
subsequent to the main ones.
Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
Metamorphism
Earthquake (Seismic Activity)

11. Volcanism
 VOLCANISM or magmatism (also known as
volcanic activity or igneous activity)
 Magma beneath the crust is under very great
pressure. When folding and faulting occur, cracks or
fractures which are lines of weakness are created.
 When these lines of weakness develop downward
in the crust and reach the magma, they will release
the pressure in the magma.
 This allows magma to rise up along the lines of
weakness and intrude into the crust. Some magma
may even reach the earth's surface and some don’t.

13. Metamorphism
 Metamorphism is an endogenic
process which occurs when there is
pressure and heat applied to
geologic structures which leads to
the formation of Metamorphic
Rocks.

14. Illustration of Metamorphism

16. Earthquakes
An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a
sudden shaking or vibration in the earth’s
crust.
When plates suddenly move past each
other, the built-up strain is released along
the fault, and the rock fractures.
An earthquake also can be triggered by
molten rock moving up into the chamber
of a volcano before eruption.