Rocks can change from one type to another through various geological processes. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments like sand and clay. Metamorphic rocks form from changes to other rocks through heat and pressure in the Earth. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Rocks continuously cycle between these three types as they are weathered, eroded, deposited, lithified, and altered by heat and pressure in an endless transformation.

1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Rock Cycle Song

3. The Life of a Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic
Igneous
Changes are made
from pressure and
heat.
Layers of
sediment
join
together.
Melted rock cools
and hardens

4. Rocks become smaller, and smaller,
and smaller, and smaller. . .
• By erosion
• By wind
• By earthquake
• By floods
• By rain
• By slides
• By man

5. Terms to Know
• Weathering: the breaking up of
rocks and soil
• Erosion: the moving of weathered
rock and soil. Weathering allows
erosion to take place.

6. Products of Weathering
• Clay
• Sand
• Rock Fragments (pebbles and stones)

7. Rocks change…………..
• By earthquakes
• By volcanoes
• By heat and pressure

8. How does rock change?
• Rocks are heated,
squeezed, folded,
or chemically
changed by contact
with hot fluids
marble

9. Three Types of Rocks
• Rocks are
classified by how
they form
– Igneous
– Sedimentary
– Metamorphic
– Rocks can change
from one type to
another over time
Schist

10. Rock Classification
• Rocks are
classified by:
– How they form
– Texture
– Grain size
– Mineral
composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

11. Sedimentary Rock is . . .
• Rock formed when
layers of small
particles of shell,
rock, and sand join
together.

13. Sedimentary Rock
• Sedimentary rock:
forms from the
compaction and/or
cementation of
sediments
• This process is
called lithification
• Sediments are:
– Rock pieces
– Mineral grains
– Shell fragments
Limestone

14. How do sediments form?
• Sediments form
through the
processes of
weathering and
erosion of rocks
exposed at Earth’s
surface
weathering
erosion

15. Sedimentary Rock con’t….
• Sedimentary rock
can also form from
the chemical
depositing of
materials that were
once dissolved in
water
• When water
evaporates, minerals
are left behind and
form rock
gypsum

16. Sedimentary Rocks
How They are Made
• Wind and water break down the earth
• Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers
• Layers are formed and build up
• Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

17. Sedimentary Rocks
Limestone
Shale
Sandstone
Granite

18. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Gypsum
Sandstone
Shale
Limestone
Conglomerate

19. Fossils
• Fossils are usually found in sedimentary
rock and are the remains or imprints of
plants and animals that died long ago.

20. Fossils-Life From the Past
• Fossils provide information about life and
conditions of the past.
• Scientific evidence shows that the Earth is
approximately 4.5 billion years old

21. Metamorphic Rock is . . .
• Rock that is formed
when pressure and
heat create changes
to sedimentary or
igneous rock.

23. Metamorphic Rock
• Metamorphic rock:
forms when any
rock type is
changed into a
different kind of
rock
• Changes due to
great heat and/or
pressure Gneiss

24. How does rock change?
• Rocks are heated,
squeezed, folded,
or chemically
changed by contact
with hot fluids
marble

25. Metamorphic Rocks
What are They?
• Rocks that have changed
• They were once igneous or sedimentary
• Pressure and heat changed the rocks

26. Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Schist Gneiss

27. Igneous Rock is . . .
• Rock that is formed
when melted rock
cools and hardens.

29. Igneous Rocks
What are They?
• Fire Rocks
• Formed underground by trapped,
cooled magma
• Formed above ground when volcanoes
erupt and magma cools

30. Igneous Rocks
• Igneous rock:
forms when molten
rock (magma) cools
and hardens
• Classified by:
– Where they form
– Crystal (grain) size
Basalt

31. Intrusive Igneous Rock
• Intrusive igneous:
cooling takes place
slowly beneath
Earth’s surface
granite

32. Extrusive Igneous Rock
• Extrusive igneous:
cooling takes place
rapidly on Earth’s
surface
Pumice

33. Igneous rock

34. Types of Igneous Rocks
Granite Scoria
Pumice Obsidian

35. The Rock Cycle

36. The Earth Recycles Rock
• The rock cycle is an
ongoing series of
processes inside Earth
and on the surface
• Slowly changes rocks
from one kind to
another
• Any type of rock can
change into another
type

37. How does this relate to
plate tectonics?
• Plate movement
drives the rock
cycle
– Subduction (1 plate
pushed under
another plate)
• Re-melts rock into
magma
– Mountain building
• Folding, faulting,
uplift
• Exposes rock at the
surface to be
weathered and

41. a. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
b. Heat and pressure
c. Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
d. Cooling and solidification
e. Melting

42. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable
• Your foldable should include
the following:
1. Name of each rock type
2. How each rock type formed
3. A brief description of rock
type
4. At least 2 examples of each
rock type
5. Illustrate 1 example for
each rock type

43. Copy Me

44. Review of the Rock Cycle
• How are sedimentary rocks formed?
• What is a fossil?
• How are metamorphic rocks formed?
• How are igneous rocks formed?
• Give an example of each type of rock.
• What is weathering?
• Explain what erosion is.