The document discusses several key properties used to identify minerals, including: 1. Streak - the color of the powder a mineral leaves when scraped, which shows its true color. 2. Luster - how a mineral reflects light, either metallic, non-metallic, oily, or glassy. 3. Cleavage or fracture - whether a mineral breaks along flat planes or in jagged pieces. It also covers density, hardness as measured by Moh's scale, and some additional properties like fluorescence, magnetism, and reactions to acid. Identifying these properties is important for determining what mineral a sample is.