The document discusses various plastic manufacturing processes including compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, calendaring, thermoforming, and polymer foaming. It provides details on each process such as how it works, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. Key plastic types are also discussed including thermoplastics, thermosets, and different polymer foams.
Additives of Polymer, Additives of plastic, Improve properties of Plastic, Ty...Jaynish Amipara
additives of plastic.
uses of filler in plastic.
types of a heat stabilizer.
types of lubricant.
types of plasticizer in plastic.
plastic in antioxidant.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
Fabrication of Plastics in polymer technology for B.Tech students in India specially for JNTU K,H&A in Andhra Pradesh Telangana and also for other Indian Universities.
By
Gurram.Achyuth Kumar
A
Additives of Polymer, Additives of plastic, Improve properties of Plastic, Ty...Jaynish Amipara
additives of plastic.
uses of filler in plastic.
types of a heat stabilizer.
types of lubricant.
types of plasticizer in plastic.
plastic in antioxidant.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
Fabrication of Plastics in polymer technology for B.Tech students in India specially for JNTU K,H&A in Andhra Pradesh Telangana and also for other Indian Universities.
By
Gurram.Achyuth Kumar
A
PLASTIC MOULDING and Methods involving in itGaurav Tyagi
plastic moulding a topic with some less knowledges
but surely help out the masters as well as unger graduates in their assignments
no need to modify just go through it and take some innovative ideas and some will be making some more better ones
but for those who are in a hurry and want to minimise their time or wants to save their time its a copmlete package just go through it
A presentation on topic Plastics ceramics and glass processing, the all content based on GTU syllabus And ideal for gtu students. The PPT contains videos for clear understanding of concept.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of a polymer droplet motion over an array...Nikolai Priezjev
Anish Thomas and Nikolai V Priezjev
APS March Meeting 2021
YouTube talk https://youtu.be/cUkXYlXpW4E
https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR21/Session/J25.4
Lecture: Dynamics of Polymer Solutions and Melts Nikolai Priezjev
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Lecture: Polymerization Reactions and TechniquesNikolai Priezjev
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Lecture: Polymer Processing
1. Textbook: Plastics: Materials and Processing (Third
Edition), by A. Brent Young (Pearson, NJ, 2006).
Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Lecture: Polymer Processing
Nikolai V. Priezjev
2. Polymer Processing
Reading: Chapters 11-18 of Plastics: Materials and Processing by A. Brent Strong
Plastic manufacturing processes are used to convert plastic
materials in the form of pellets, powders, sheets etc.
Different types of plastic manufacturing processes are:
a. Compression molding
b. Transfer molding
c. Injection molding
d. Extrusion molding
e. Blow molding
f. Calendaring
g. Thermoforming
h. Thin Films
i. Fibers
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
3. Polymer Processing
Reading: Chapters 11-18 of Plastics: Materials and Processing by A. Brent Strong
• Thermoplastic –
– can be reversibly cooled & reheated, i.e. recycled
– heat till soft, shape as desired, then cool
– ex: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.
• Thermoset –
– when heated forms a network
– degrades (not melts) when heated
– mold the prepolymer then allow further reaction
– ex: urethane, epoxy
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4. Compression Molding
The charge (thermosets) is heated by means of the hot
mold to polymerize and cure (Xlink) it into a solidified
desired shaped molded plastic component. (Waffle making).
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
5. Compression Molding
First, the charge is loaded into the lower half of mold which is
preheated to maintain the temperature of charge during the
process.
The placed charge is compressed by bringing both halves of
mold close together.
The charge is heated by means of the hot mold to polymerize
and cure it into a solidified desired shaped molded plastic
component.
Then, the halves are opened & molded plastic part is removed
by pressing knockout pins towards inside.
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
6. Compression Molding
Advantages
Low initial setup costs and fast setup time
Heavy plastic parts can be molded
Complex intricate parts can be made
Good surface finish of the molded parts
Wastes relatively little material as compared with other
methods
The molding process is cheaper as compared to injection
molding
Disadvantages
Low production rate
Limited largely to flat or moderately curved parts with
no undercuts
Reject part cannot be reprocessed
7. Compression Molding
Applications
Electrical and electronic equipments, brush and mirror
handles, trays, cookware knobs, aircraft main power
terminal housing, pot handles, dinnerware plates,
automotive parts.
Compression molded rubber boots
before the flashes are removed.
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
8. Transfer Molding
Step #1 - A piece of uncured rubber is
placed into a portion of the mold called
the "pot." The plunger (on the top-most
part of the mold) fits snugly into the "pot."
Step #2 - The mold is closed up and
under hydraulic pressure the rubber is
forced through the small hole (the
"gate") into the cavity. The mold is held
closed while the rubber cures.
Step #3 - The plunger is raised up
and the "transfer pad" material may
be removed and thrown away.
Step #4 - Mold is opened and the part
can be removed. The flash and the gate
may need to be trimmed.
Transfer molding is a process where the amount of
material is measured and inserted before the molding
process takes place. The material is then preheated and
loaded into a pot and a plunger is then used to force the
material from the pot through the runner system into the
mold cavities. The mold remains closed as the material is
inserted and is opened to release the part from the
runner. The mold walls are heated to a temperature
above the melting point of the mold material; this allows
a faster flow of material through the cavities.
9. Transfer Molding
Advantages
Fast setup time and lower setup costs
Low maintenance cost
Plastic parts with metal inserts can be made
Design flexibility
Dimensionally stable
Uniform thickness of parts
Large production rate
Disadvantages
Wastage of material
Production rate lower than injection molding
Air can be trapped in the mold
Applications Integrated circuits, plugs, connectors, pins,
coils, studs, radio, television cabinets and car body shells.
12. Injection Molding
Palletized material is fed with use of hopper into a cylinder
where material melts due to heating coils.
Molten material (thermoplastic) is impelled through nozzle
into the enclosed cavity.
Outstanding characteristic of this molding process is cycle
time is short (10 – 30 sec), i.e. rate of production is very
high. (longer cycle times for thermosets).
The complete injection molding process is divided into four
stages: clamping, injection, cooling and ejection.
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13. Injection Molding
Advantages
Higher production rate
Close tolerances on small intricate parts
Minimum wastage of material
Complex geometry can be easily produced
Disadvantages
Tooling cost higher
High setup cost
Large undercuts can’t be formed
Applications
household appliances, electronics, and automotive
dashboards, buckets, etc…
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14. Extrusion Molding
thermoplastics
• plastic pellets drop from hopper onto the turning screw
• plastic pellets melt as the turning screw pushes them forward by
the heaters
• molten polymer is forced under pressure through the shaping die
to form the final product
Continuous parts
15. Extrusion Molding
Similar to injection molding except long uniform sections
are produced.
The material which is fed through hopper, is conveyed
forward by a feeding screw & forced through a die,
converting to continuous polymer product.
Heating is done in order to soften or melt the polymer. The
temp is controlled by thermocouples.
The product going out of the die is cooled by blown air or in
water bath.
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16. Extrusion Molding
Advantages
High production volumes
Relatively low cost as compared with other molding
process
Design flexibility
Short lead times
Coating of wire can be done to achieves desired properties
Continuous part can be produced
Disadvantages
Limited complexity of parts
Uniform cross section can only be produced
Applications The extrusion process is used for manufacturing
rods, plates and tubes, wire and cable coating, hose liners,
hose mandrels, filaments, sheet, multilayer film, medical
packaging and food packaging, etc. (continuous shape)
19. Blow Molding
Using this manufacturing process hollow parts are made
like bottle or sphere etc.
Air is blown into a thin walled plastic cylinder called the
parison. The parison is formed by melted plastic material
being pushed through an extruder.
When the parison reaches a certain length, the two halves
of the mould close around the parison sealing it at the
bottom.
Compressed air is then used to inflate the parison to form
the shape of the cavity inside the mould.
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20. Blow Molding
Advantages
Low tooling cost
Fast production rates
Ability to mold complex part with uniform thickness
Little scrap generated
Large hollow shape can be produced
Produced parts can be recycled
Disadvantages
Limited to hollow parts
Thick parts can’t be manufactured
Applications bottles in different shape and size, jars, and
containers, ducting, fluid oil tanks, mugs, and toys, etc.
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22. Calendaring
In this process the plastic material is allowed to pass
between the cylindrical rollers.
The process is used to prepare plain flat sheets of plastics.
24. Polymer Types: Fibers
Fibers - length/diameter >100
• Textiles are main use
– Must have high tensile strength
– Usually highly crystalline & highly polar
• Formed by spinning
– ex: extrude polymer through a spinneret
• Pt plate with 1000’s of holes for nylon
• ex: rayon (artificial silk) – dissolved in solvent then pumped through
die head to make fibers
– the spun fibers are drawn under tension
– leads to highly aligned chains- fibrillar structure
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25. Thermoforming
Thermoforming is a plastic manufacturing process in which the
thermoplastic sheets are formed with the application of heat and
pressure in a mold.
The thermoplastic sheet is held horizontally over a mold surface
and clamped with a holding device. The sheet is heated up to
predetermined temperature using a heating element (heater).
The thermoplastic sheet softens with the application of heat and is
pressed into or stretched over the mold surface by application of
air pressure or by any other means.
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26. Thermoforming
The softened sheet conforms to the mold shape and it is held in
place until it cools.
The mold cavity is opened and the thermoformed part is released.
The excess material is then trimmed out from the formed part.
Excess material can be reground, mixed with unused plastic, and
again reformed into thermoplastic sheets.
There are mainly three different types of thermoforming process
depending upon the pressure required i.e., vacuum thermoforming,
pressure thermoforming and mechanical thermoforming.
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30. Thermoforming
Advantages
Extremely adaptive to design requirement
Rapid prototype development
Low initial setup costs
Low production costs
Smaller thermal stresses than injection molding and
compression molding
Good dimensional stability
Disadvantages
Poor surface finish
Parts may have non-uniform wall thickness.
All parts need to be trimmed
Ribs and bosses cannot be molded easily
Very thick plastic sheets can’t be formed
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31. Thermoforming
Applications
food packaging, automotive parts, trays, building products,
aircraft windscreens, medical equipment, material handling
equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, spas and
shower enclosures etc.
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
32. Polymer Foaming
Foaming processes are characterized by techniques that cause tiny
bubbles to form within plastic material such that when plastic solidifies
the bubbles remain. Foams or cellular plastics.
Foams have been widely used in a variety of applications: Insulation,
cushion, absorbents, etc.
Various polymers have been used for foam applications: Polyurethane
(PU), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), poly(vinyl
chloride) (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), etc.
1- Mechanical Foaming
2- Foaming with Hollow Glass Beads
3- Chemical Foaming
4- Physical Foaming
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33. Classification of Polymer Foams
Polymer foams can also be defined as either closed cell or open cell foams.
In closed cell foams, the foam cells are isolated from each other and cavities are
surrounded by complete cell walls. Generally, closed cell foams have lower
permeability, leading to better insulation properties. Absorb sound, especially bass
tones. Closed cell foams are usually characterized by their rigidity and strength, in
addition to the high R-value (Resistance to heat flow).
Closed cell polyurethane spray foam has among the highest R-values of any
commercially available insulation.
In open cell foams, cells are connected with each other. They have softer and
spongier appearance. Open cell foams are incredibly effective as a sound barrier in
normal noise frequency ranges and provide better absorptive capability.
The advantages of closed-cell foam compared to open-cell foam include its strength,
higher R-value, and its greater resistance to the leakage of air or water vapor. The
disadvantage of the closed-cell foam is that it is denser, requires more material, and
therefore, is more expensive.
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34. Polymer Foaming
Fig. 1 Examples of cellular solids:
a) open-cell polyurethane foam,
b) closed-cell polyethylene foam.
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35. Polymer Foaming
2. Rapid injection of gas/resin mixture into the mould cavity causes the gas to expand "explosively". The
material is thus forced in all parts of the mould. The resulting properties of the foam are :
• Very high rigidity/weight ratio,
• Almost no orientation effect (uniform shrinkage),
• Moulding of thick sections without sink marks.
Foamed articles are used for insulating containers and for packaging. The process above may be used with
thermoplastics or thermosets.
Injection moulding of
foams is achieved in
two steps
1. An inert gas is
dispersed through the
molten region directly
before moulding by
• direct gas injection
(usually N2) or
• pre-blending of the
resin with a chemical
blowing agent.
36. Classification of Polymer Foams
Polymer foams can be classified as rigid or flexible foams
Rigid foams are widely used in applications
such as building insulation, appliances,
transportation, packaging, furniture, food
and drink containers.
Flexible foams are used as furniture, transportation,
bedding, carpet underlay, textile, sports applications,
shock and sound attenuation.
Rigid PU foam panelsFlexible PU
37. Classification of Polymer Foams
According to the size of the foam cells, polymer foams can be classified as:
Macrocellular (>100 µm),
Microcellular (1–100 µm),
Ultramicrocellular (0.1–1 µm)
Nanocellular (0.1–100 nm).
Polyurethane foams. The thermal
insulation performance of a
polyurethane rigid foam depends
chiefly on the size of the foam pores.
The smaller the diameter, the lower the
thermal conductivity and the better the
insulating effect. Today's polyurethane
rigid foams typically have pore sizes of
roughly 150 micrometers, which
exceeds the pore size of nanofoams
planned for the future by a factor of
approximately 1,000.
38. Polymer Foaming
Advantageous
• They have low density so they are light weight materials.
• Some polymer foams have low heat or sound transfer, making them optimal insulators.
• Many are flexible and soft, meaning they provide more comfort as cushion.
Disadvantageous
• Inferior mechanical strength
• Low thermal and dimensional stability
• The most widely used chloroflorocarbon (CFC) blowing agents have been found to
cause ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere and banned by 2010 according to
Montreal Protocol.
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev
39. Advanced Polymers
• Ultrahigh molecular weight
polyethylene (UHMWPE)
– Molecular weight
ca. 4x106 g/mol
– Outstanding properties
– high impact strength
– resistance to wear/abrasion
– low coefficient of friction
– self-lubricating surface
– Excellent properties for
variety of applications
• bullet-proof vest, golf ball
covers, hip joints, etc.
Adapted from chapter-
opening photograph,
Chapter 22, Callister 7e.
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40. Advanced Polymers
The Stem, femoral head, and the AC socket are made from Cobalt-chrome metal alloy or ceramic, AC
cup made from polyethylene
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42. Summary
Reading: Chapters 11-18 of Plastics: Materials and Processing by A. Brent Strong
Plastic manufacturing processes are used to convert plastic
materials in the form of pellets, powders, sheets etc.
Different types of plastic manufacturing processes are:
a. Compression molding
b. Transfer molding
c. Injection molding
d. Extrusion molding
e. Blow molding
f. Calendaring
g. Thermoforming
h. Thin Films
i. Fibers
https://www.slideshare.net/NikolaiPriezjev