Additives
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This document discusses various types of additives used in polymer processing and their functions. It describes additives like stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, fillers, fibers, coupling agents, antistatic agents, slip agents, anti-block agents, nucleating agents, optical brighteners, colorants, anti-aging additives, impact modifiers, flame retardants, blowing agents, and master batches. It provides examples and explains how each additive type alters polymer properties or facilitates processing to achieve the desired characteristics in final products.
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Polymers are large organic molecules formed by chemical union of many small and simple molecules called monomers. There are two main types of polymerization - addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Plastics can be thermoplastics or thermosetting plastics depending on whether they can be remelted or reshaped after solidifying. Common plastics include polyethylene, PVC, nylon, bakelite. Rubber is a natural polymer of isoprene that is obtained from latex. It undergoes vulcanization by adding sulfur to improve its properties. Polymers find wide applications in medicine, packaging and other industries due to properties like light weight and resistance to corrosion.
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Additives
- 1. WELCOME
- 29. FILLERS It is used to modify mechanical properties & to reduce the cost.
- 31. Fillers Filler Purpose Wood Flour Saw dust Wood pulp Sisal / jute Purified cellulose Mica / Rock Bulk
- 32. Fillers Filler Purpose Inorganic Pigments Mineral Powders Metallic Oxides Powder Metals Graphite Hardeners
- 33. Fillers Glass Fibres & Fabrics Synthetic Fibres & Fabrics Graphite Metallic Oxides Chemical Resistance Filler Purpose Asbestos Ceramic Oxides Silica Thermal Insulation
- 34. Fillers Filler Purpose Colour Pigments Dyestuffs Carbon Flakes Powder Metals Phosphorescent Minerals Woven Fabrics Appearance
- 35. Fillers Filler Purpose Glass fibres Asbestos Fibbers Cellulose Fibbers Cotton Fibbers Papers Synthetic Fibbers Reinforcement
- 38. Coupling Agents These are used to increase the adhesion between polymer & filler, fiber by covalent bonds. Ex: Methacrylato-chromo chloride used for glass fibres & Polyester resin Organosilanes are used for PVC , ABS and PA
- 59. Blowing Agents Physical Blowing agents : Nitrogen & CO 2 inert gas- Low cost, No solid residue Trichlorofluromethane – PU foam Pentane and Heptane - PS foam Chemical Blowing agents: High temp, Azo Dicarbonamide decompose on heating to produe free radicals and N 2 gas
- 61. Master Batches,Additives & Reinforced Compounds Fine organics Bombay 022-25116900-02 Polymer additives Aalekh Polymers (P) Ltd. 8/30, Kirti Nagar New Delhi =15 Ph. No. 25195193 Master Batches & Reinforced Compounds S.C.J. plastics Ltd. New Delhi www.scjindia.com Master Batches Supplier Material
- 62. THANK YOU