This document discusses several common plastic processing techniques: extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, vacuum forming, compression molding, calendering, rotational molding, and lamination. It provides details on the key steps for each process and examples of common materials used. The main plastic shaping processes covered are extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and vacuum forming. Thermoplastics are widely used across these techniques to manufacture a variety of products with constant cross-sections or more complex shapes.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
this is my prsentation of Plastic Process and Processing Parameter in manufacturing process. here discussed moulding process for plastic, plastic injection moulding, machine parts and procedure, material used to making mould and blow moulding process, thermoforming process, vacuum forming process, and application
A presentation on topic Plastics ceramics and glass processing, the all content based on GTU syllabus And ideal for gtu students. The PPT contains videos for clear understanding of concept.
PLASTIC MOULDING and Methods involving in itGaurav Tyagi
plastic moulding a topic with some less knowledges
but surely help out the masters as well as unger graduates in their assignments
no need to modify just go through it and take some innovative ideas and some will be making some more better ones
but for those who are in a hurry and want to minimise their time or wants to save their time its a copmlete package just go through it
Presentation given at SPE section meeting held at Hennepin Technical College March 29, 2016. Covers why injection molding training is so important, best practices for injection molding training and case studies from Paulson injection molding customers and scientific molding training
http://www.spiratex.com/ : Understand the complete process of custom plastic extrusion with step by step details of the process through this presentation. It also explains the various specialized forms of plastic extrusions.
Fabrication of Plastics in polymer technology for B.Tech students in India specially for JNTU K,H&A in Andhra Pradesh Telangana and also for other Indian Universities.
By
Gurram.Achyuth Kumar
A
A presentation on topic Plastics ceramics and glass processing, the all content based on GTU syllabus And ideal for gtu students. The PPT contains videos for clear understanding of concept.
PLASTIC MOULDING and Methods involving in itGaurav Tyagi
plastic moulding a topic with some less knowledges
but surely help out the masters as well as unger graduates in their assignments
no need to modify just go through it and take some innovative ideas and some will be making some more better ones
but for those who are in a hurry and want to minimise their time or wants to save their time its a copmlete package just go through it
Presentation given at SPE section meeting held at Hennepin Technical College March 29, 2016. Covers why injection molding training is so important, best practices for injection molding training and case studies from Paulson injection molding customers and scientific molding training
http://www.spiratex.com/ : Understand the complete process of custom plastic extrusion with step by step details of the process through this presentation. It also explains the various specialized forms of plastic extrusions.
Fabrication of Plastics in polymer technology for B.Tech students in India specially for JNTU K,H&A in Andhra Pradesh Telangana and also for other Indian Universities.
By
Gurram.Achyuth Kumar
A
this file is useful for industrial and manufacturing & also for mechanical engineers & usefull for the industrial point of view
This file is about injection molding for plastics
best of luck
This type of moulding is helpful to make containers ,jars ,water bottles and many more so please kindly go through this process .With the help of this type of moulding we can perform our experiment of our daily used water cans e.g: 5ltrs ,10ltrs ,20ltrs ,25ltrs ect.
This is also called as moulding of plastics into articles. To give shapes to plastics, several methods of fabrication are used. They are
1. Compression moulding
2. Injection moulding
3. Transfer moulding
4. Extrusion moulding
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
1. SRI RAMAKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
COIMBATORE-10
An Autonomous Institution
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi – Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
Manufacturing processes- umecoo2
I.Karthikeyan
Assistant Professor,
Mechanical Department .
6/10/2021
1
4. Extrusion
Continuous process used to produce both solid and hollow products
that have a constant cross-section. E.g. window frames, hose pipe,
curtain track, garden trellis.
Thermoplastic granules are fed from a hopper by a rotating screw
through a heated cylinder.
The tapered screw compacts the plastic as it becomes elasticised.
The die which is fitted to the end of the extruder barrel determines
the cross-section of the extrusion.
Thicker cross-sections are extruded more slowly as more time is
required for the initial heating and subsequent cooling of the larger
quantities of material which are involved. As the extrusion leaves
the die it is cooled by passing through a cooling trough (below)
containing cold water.
5. Extrusion
• Produces tubes, rods and other shaped continuous
form lengths.
• Heated polymer is fed into shaped die by a screw.
6. Materials used in Extrusion
This extrusion is part of a window seal made from
thermoplastic elastomer (TPE).
7. Injection Moulding
Powder or granules from a hopper
into a steel barrel with a rotating
screw. The barrel is surrounded by
heaters The screw is forced back as
plastic collects at the end of the
barrel .
Once a sufficient charge of melted
plastic has accumulated a hydraulic
ram forces the screw forward
injecting the thermoplastic through
a sprue into the mould cavity.
8. Injection Moulding
Pressure is kept on the mould until
the plastic has cooled sufficiently
for the mould to be opened and the
component ejected.
Materials used
Normally thermoplastics are used in this process although a
few thermosetting plastics can also be injection moulded.
Toy made from high impact polystyrene (HIPS).
12. Injection Moulding
A measured amount of molten thermoplastic is
driven by a ram past a heating system into the
mould.
The mould is split to allow finished object to be
removed after cooling.
13. Parts of Injection Moulding Machine
• A – split
mould
• B – heater
• C – hopper
• D – hydraulic
ram
• E – torpedo
(spreader)
14. • Injection moulding produces accurate and
complex products with high quality finish.
• Production is fast with little waste.
• Wide range of products including bowls,
buckets, containers, toys, electrical parts and car
parts.
• Injection moulded parts can be recognised by
the distinctive circular marks (5-10mm) caused
by pins used to remove object from it’s mould.
15. Blow Moulding
1. A hollow length of plastic,
called a parison, is extruded down
between the two halves of the
mould.
2. The mould closes.
16. Blow Moulding
3. Compressed air is blown into
the inside of the parison which
inflates it, pushing the soft plastic
hard against the cold surfaces of
the mould.
4. The mould is then opened the
moulding ejected and the waste
(called flash) is trimmed off
with a knife.
17. Materiasl used in blow moulding
High density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene
(LDPE) are both commonly used for blow moulding as are other types
of thermoplastics. The thermoplastic used in blow moulding needs to be
more viscous (flow less easily) than that used for injection moulding as
the parison must retain its form before the mould closes around it.
Used extensively to make bottles and other lightweight , hollow parts
18. Blow Moulding
• Used to make
bottles and hollow
toys.
• Air is blown into a
plastic tube, called
a parison, to take
the shape of the
mould.
• PVC and
polythene are
often used.
19. Vacuum Forming
1. Mould is attached to a platen
(support plate). The platen and
mould are then lowered and a
rigid thermoplastic sheet material
is clamped onto an air tight gasket
and usually heated from above.
2. Once the thermoplastic sheet is
softened enough (reaches a plastic
state) then air is blown in to raise the
sheet in a slight bubble before the
platen is raised bringing the mould
into contact with the plastic.
20. Vacuum Forming
3. trapped air remaining between
the platen and the heated plastic
sheet is then evacuated by a
vacuum pump. Atmospheric
pressure acting over the top surface
completes the forming process by
pressing the plastic sheet onto the
mould.
4. Once the plastic sheet has cooled
down to below it's freeze point the air
flow is reversed to lift the forming off
the mould and the mould lowered
21. Materials used in Vacuum forming
Many types of thermoplastics are suitable for vacuum
forming. The most popular is High Impact Polystyrene
(HIPS). It is relatively cheap, comes in a wide range of
colours and is easy to form. This process is used to
manufacture a variety of products in thermoplastic
materials. These products range in size from garden pond
liners to food trays used in supermarkets.
22. Vacuum Forming
• Plastic sheet is
clamped and heated.
• Heat is removed and
pattern raised.
• Vacuum forces the
sheet onto the
pattern.
• The sheet is removed
and trimmed.
23. Compression Moulding
1. The mould is charged with a
measured amount of powder or
granules ready to be compressed.
Sometimes plastic charge is first
compacted into a shape called a
preform.
2. When the two halves of the mould
are brought together the plastic
material is forced under compression
to flow rapidly around the cavity. heat
from the platens causes the plastic to
cure resulting in a permanent change
in shape.
24. Compression Moulding
The component is
ejected from the
mould and any
excess material
formed at edges
(flash) is removed.
Materials used.
Typical thermosetting plastics used in
compression moulding are urea formaldehyde
and phenol formaldehyde.
26. • Thermoset plastics are shaped with heat and
pressure causing cross-linking.
• The polymer can be in powder or slug (cube)
form.
• Products such as electrical fittings, saucepan
handles and bottle tops are often formed out
of formaldehyde plastics.
• High quality finishes are achieved with only
the removal of ‘flash’ (excess material usually
at the mould split) for finished products.
27. Transfer Moulding
Thermoset polymers can be formed when a
preset amount of material is placed in a separate
cavity and heated. A plunger moves the material
into the shaped mould with high pressure.
29. Calendering
Involves rolling out a mass of premixed plastics material between large rollers
to form a continuous and accurately sized film.
The process begins with the ingredients being blended and fluxed in a mixing
mill at approx.100°C. Nip rollers control the thickness of the sheet material can
be gradually reduced in thickness. Rolls of semi-rigid PVC which will be used
to manufacture transparent A4 folder 'pockets'.
Materials used
The main material used is PVC, others include ABS and cellulose acetate.
PVC ranges from flexible to rigid and the final product is composed of a
number of basic materials which must be combined in a uniform mixture of
measured ingredients. These ingredients include a resin of a specified
molecular weight, stabilisers, lubricants, reinforcing materials, colorants and
plasticisers.
30. Rotational Moulding
1. A measured weight of
thermoplastic is placed inside a
cold mould. The mould is then
closed and moved into an oven
chamber
2. heated to a temperature of 230-
400 C whilst being rotated around
both vertical and horizontal axes.
As it rotates the mass of powder at
the bottom of the mould fuses and
sticks to the mould surface.
31. Rotational Moulding
3. the mould moves into
a cooling area or
chamber where it is
cooled by air or water
jets.
4. The hollow moulding
can be removed as soon
as it is cool enough to
hold its shape.
32. Materials used
90% of rotational mouldings are made from polyethylene
(PE), used mainly to manufacture hollow shaped products
such as footballs, road cones and storage tanks up to 3m³
capacity.
33. PROCESSING PLASTICS
• Calendering – produces sheets by rolling into
shape.
• Lamination – layers of materials (eg paper,
cloth) are bonded with a resin into a strong solid
structure, often with heat and pressure.
• Foaming – expansion into sponge-like material
by a foaming agent.