3. Fault
• Is a fracture or fracture zone on the rock,
which show displacement.
• The displacement can occurred along the
straight line (translation) or rotating
• Vertical distance measured on the fault plane
named separation
• The separation component can be measure at
certain direction and generally parallel strike
or fault plane dip.
4.
5. Slip (True relative displacement)
• Slip on fault, measured from one block to
other block on fault plane and it is the
displacement of points which is before
coincides
• Total displacement known as net slip
7. Fault Properties
• Throw (vertical jump) is the distance that
measure on the vertical plane from
slip/separation
• Heave (horizontal jump) is the distance that
measure on the horizontal plane
• Footwall is the rock body block that located
under the fault plane
• Hanging wall is the rock body block that
located upper the fault plane.
8.
9. Fault Classification
• Normal fault: hanging wall moved downward relative
to the footwall
• Reverse fault: hanging wall moved upward, dip of fault
plane more 45°
• Thrust fault: hanging wall moved upward (like reverse
fault), dip of fault plane less 45°
• Lateral, or strike-slip, faults: two blocks of rocks moved
sideways relative to each other
10.
11.
12. Strike left
separation fault
Strike right
separation fault
Normal separation
fault
Reverse separation
fault
13. Translation Fault
• On translation fault the position of the structure
elements on the hanging wall and foot wall not
change because of the displacement along the fault
line is same
• To get know the orientation and the magnitude of
the slip need to know two point on the same block
which been faulted.
14.
15. Rotation Fault
• Based on the rotation axis position to fault
plane can be divided into 3 type of rotational
movement:
The rotational axis parallel to fault plane
The rotational axis oblique to fault plane
The rotational axis perpendicular to fault plane
The position of structure elements on the
hanging wall and footwall are not same,
because of the fault rotating.
